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Protein Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are proteins made from?

A

amino acids

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2
Q

What are proteins the main conponments for?

A

body tissue such as hair, muscle and skin.

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3
Q

What are the three examples of protein? and what do they do?

A

Catalytic, Signalling and Immunological Catalytic - all enzymes are protein catalysing many biochemical reactions. Signalling - Hormones and receptors are protein. Immunlogical - all antibodies are protein.

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4
Q

What are the four types of protein structures?

A

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

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5
Q

What do the general structure of protein?

A
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6
Q

What defies the Amino acid?

A

R group

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7
Q

What reaction is it when the amino acids join?

A

Condensation

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8
Q

What bond is produced when the amino acids join?

A

Peptide bond.

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9
Q

What is formed when more amino acids join together?

A

A polypeptide chain.

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10
Q

What are the three groups called on a general structure of protein?

A

Hydoboxylic acid group, R group, Amino group

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11
Q

What is the process called when a polypeptide chain is formed?

A

Polymerisation.

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12
Q

What determines the function and structure?

A

the primary structure.

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13
Q

What do the amino acids in secondary protein possess?

A

-NH and -C=O (pos) (neg)

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14
Q

What is the bond called by these two amino acids and what is it’s strength like?

A

The bond is a hydrogen bond and it’s weak.

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15
Q

What is the structure like in a secondary protein and what is it called?

A

The structure twists into a coil, this is called an alpha helix.

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16
Q

What can break down Polypeptide bonds?

A

The enzyme protease.

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17
Q

What is the tertiary structure like?

A

even more folded and complex with more twists.

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18
Q

what are the bonds are in the tertiary structure?

A

Disulphate Ionic - formed between carboxyl and amino group which are not involved with polypeptide bonding. Hydrogen

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19
Q

What is another name for globular protein?

A

spheroprotein

20
Q

Is globular protein soluble in water?

A

yes

21
Q

How do they posisition themself? and what is there shape like?

A

hydrophillic outside hydrophobic inside. they are coiled in shape.

22
Q

what is an example of a globular protein?

A

Insulin

23
Q

Where is insulin produced?

A

Pancreas

24
Q

What is the job of insulin?

A

To attach itself to cells and signal it to abosrm the glucose which give it energy.

25
Q

What do conjuated proteins have?

A

Prosthetic group

26
Q

what froms the group of conjuated proteins?

A

vitamins and metal ions which form cofactors.

27
Q

What is the function of conjuated protein?

A

interct with other non-polypeptide chemical groups that have a weak covalent bond.

28
Q

What is an examples of conjuated protein?

A

Haemoglobin

29
Q

What is the job of Haemogloin?

A

transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

30
Q

Is Haemoglobin soluble in water?

A

yes

31
Q

what combines together with Lipoproteins?

A

Lipids and protein.

32
Q

What combines to make Glycoprotein?

A

Carbohydrates and Protein.

33
Q

What are the shape of Fibrous protein?

A

they are elongated

34
Q

What is the function of Fibrous protein?

A

they support cells and tissue.

35
Q

What are examples of Fibrous protein?

A

Keratin, Collagen, Elastin

36
Q

where is keratin found?

A

hair and skin under nails

37
Q

can Keratin be sub divided?

A

yes into Alpha and Beta Keratin, Alpha is in skin, Beta is in birds and reptiles.

38
Q

What is the function of collagen?

A

helps connective tissue to be strong and provides a cushion for various parts of the body.

39
Q

Where is Elastin found?

A

connective tissue

40
Q

What is the function of Elastin?

A

it gives your skin elastic property. its the reason when you pull your skin it goes back into shape. also it surrons our veins to elp them adjust.

41
Q

What are the four types of Protein Structures?

A

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

42
Q

What makes up protein?

A

Amini Acids

43
Q

What is the process of a polypeptide chain foming?

A

Polymerisation

44
Q

What is the structure like of tertiary protein?

A

even more compact and complex with more twists and folds, making it 3D.

45
Q

What are the bonds in a tertiary Protein?

A

Disulphate

Ionic

Hydrogen

46
Q

What forms a Ionic bond?

A

formed between the carboxyl group and the amino group

Biology (11 decks)

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