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Biology > Carbohydrates, Lipids > Flashcards

Carbohydrates, Lipids Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are 3 types of Monosaccharide?

A

Glucose Fructose Galactose

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2
Q

What are 3 types of Disaccharide?

A

Maltose Sucrose Lactose

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3
Q

What are 3 types of Polysaccharide?

A

Starch Glycogen Cellulose

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4
Q

What are Monosaccharides?

A

Simple Single Sugars White Crystalline solids and when dissolves in water it creates sweet solution.

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5
Q

What makes Maltose?

A

Glucose + Glucose

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6
Q

What makes Sucrose?

A

Fructose + Glucose

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7
Q

What makes Lactose?

A

Glucose + Galactose

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8
Q

What type of glucose makes starch?

A

alpha

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9
Q

What glucose makes Cellulose?

A

Beta

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10
Q

What is starch?

A

Starch is a storage compound as it’s insoluble in water.

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11
Q

What two Polysaccharides are in starch?

A

Amylose and Amylopectin.

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12
Q

What bond joins two Monosaccharides in a Disaccharide?

A

Glycocidic

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13
Q

Which polysaccharide in starch has branches?

A

Amylopectin

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14
Q

What structure does Amylose have?

A

Helix

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15
Q

What type of glucose is in both Amylose and Amylopectin and what bond.

A

Alpha 1-4, Glycocidic bond.

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16
Q

What is the structure function of Amylase?

A

The helix structure makes it compact which allows it to be tightly packaged therefore it’s and excellent storage molecule.

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17
Q

Does Amylose have a complex with anything, and if so what with?

A

Amylose has a complex with Iodine.

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18
Q

What reaction makes a Monosaccharide into a Disaccharide?

A

Condensation.

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19
Q

What reaction makes a Disaccharide into a Monosaccharide?

A

Hydrolysis

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20
Q

What happens in Amylopectin that doesn’t occur in Amylose’s structure?

A

After every 25 molecules it goes to a Alpha 1-6 glycocidic bond.

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21
Q

What is the structure function of Amylopectin?

A

The branched ends that stick out can be hydrolysed rapidly to release glucose (energy).

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22
Q

What is the main storage in animals?

A

Glycogen

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23
Q

What is the structure of Glycogen?

A

Glycogen is similar to Amylopectin but it has many more smaller branches that make it more compact.

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24
Q

What glucose chain is in Cellulose?

A

b 1-4

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25
Q

What do each glucose chain connect to? and what does it create?

A

They connect to Hydrogen bonds. It creates strong microfibrils.

26
Q

What are alpha glucose and beta glucose?

A

isomers

27
Q

What are Isomers?

A

They are molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of the atoms.

28
Q

What does the structure of Beta Glucose look like?

A
29
Q

What does ribose’s structure look like?

A
30
Q

What molecules are Lipids made from?

A

Hydrogen, Carbon and Oxygen.

31
Q

What are Lipids?

A

Diverse group of compunds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic (carbon).

32
Q

What are the most common Lipids?

A

Triglycerides, Waxes and cholestrol.

33
Q

Where are Lipids found?

A

In the Adipose tissue (fat).

34
Q

What are Lipids useful for?

A

Protection and Insulation.

35
Q

What are Lipids called when solid?

A

Fat

36
Q

What are Lipids called when liquid?

A

Oil.

37
Q

When are Fatty acids produced?

A

They are produced when food is broken down.

38
Q

What are fatty acids used for?

A

Plasma Membrane.

39
Q

What are the three types of Fatty acids?

A

Monounsaturated, Polyunsaturated and Saturated.

40
Q

What are Monounsaturated, Polyunsaturated and Unsaturated?

A

Organic (contain hydrogen and carbon)

41
Q

What are Saturated Fatty Acids?

A

They are fully bonded which means they can form straight chains and be compacted close together therefore they form attractions. This means more energy will be required to break it as it has a higher melting point and is a solid at room temp.

42
Q

What are Unsaturated Fatty Acids?

A

They have a double bond so they form a bent chain, they have less attraction and cen be broken easily. They have a low melting point and are liquid at room temp.

43
Q

What are Triglycerides also known as?

A

True fat or natural fat

44
Q

What are Triglycerides used for?

A

Protection and Insulation.

45
Q

Where are Triglycerides found?

A

Under the skin in fatty tissue surronding organs.

46
Q

What reaction occurs when making Triglycerides?

A

Condensation Reaction

47
Q

What bond is formed during Triglycerides?

A

Ester Bond.

48
Q

What is Triglycerides raection to water?

A

Insoluble

49
Q

What else is lost within the reaction in Triglycerides?

A

Water.

50
Q

What are Phospholipids used for?

A

Cell Membrane

51
Q

What is the reaction of Phospholipid with water?

A

The PO4 (head) is Hydrophilic but the fatty acid tail is Hydrophobic.

52
Q

What is created by Phospholipids when they group togther?

A

They create a double Bilayer, heads face the water and tails face inwards.

53
Q

Differences between Triglycerides and Phospholipids?

A

Triglycerides Phospholipds

Glycerol Backbone Yes Yes

Fatty Tail 3 2

PO4 No Yes

Reaction to water Insoluble Double Bi

54
Q

What is another name for Sterol Lipids?

A

Steroid Alcohols

55
Q

What is an example of a sterol lipid?

A

cholestrol

56
Q

What things are sterol lipids used for in the body?

A

Vitamina D, Cell membrane, Bile, Hormones

57
Q

Where does the cholestrol go (stay) in the body?

and why?

A

It posistions itself in the Phospholipid layer as it stabilises it also it keeps liquids liquid but stops it becoming too liquid when hot.

58
Q

What is another name for Sterol Lipids?

A

Steroid Alcohols

59
Q

What is a type of sterol Lipid?

A

Cholestrol

60
Q

What does Cholestrol do?

A

Helps with Vitamin D, steroid hormones, Bile, Cell Membrane

61
Q

Where does Cholestrol positions its self and what does it do here?

A

It posistions its self in the Phospholipid layer where it staibilises it and keeps it a liquid but no too liquidy when in hot conditions.

Biology (11 decks)

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