protective gut bacteria and IBS/IBD

Question 1

where is the most bacteria located?

Answer 1

Colon

Question 2

high motility areas of the intestinal tract=

Answer 2

low bacteria colonization

Question 3

H2 blockers PPIs promote bacteria growth by

Answer 3

reducing acid secretion

Question 4

MMC affect bacteria colonization because

Answer 4

clean out residual and mix of bacteria

Question 5

Paneth cells exocytose into the crypt lumen, main product

Answer 5

lysozyme
defensin (cryptin)
lactoferrin
stem cell factors

Question 6

Cryptins are __________forming

Answer 6

pore forming + lysozyme kill bacteria

Question 7

what serves as a physical barrier, scaffold for defensive molecules (IgA), lubricant, and entraps microbes

Answer 7

mucus

Question 8

where is there a more priminent loose layer of mucus?

Answer 8

small intestine

Question 9

fiber rich diet promotes

Answer 9

mucus production

Question 10

what essential vitamins can bacteria synthesize?

Answer 10

biotin, folic acid, Vitamin K

Question 11

How much protein and COOH have been absorbed by the time digesta gets to the colon?

Answer 11

90%

Question 12

C Diff can be treated with

Answer 12

Fecal transplant

Question 13

Cholera toxin attacks

Answer 13

toxin binds to receptor and the other part enters the cell and irreversibly activates Adenylate cyclase

This inhibits NaCl transport and decreases absorption and stimulates chloride secretion. Na-glucose not affected.

Question 14

How does cholera affect EC cell?

Answer 14

cAMP through release of serotonin which acts on myenteric and submucosal neurons is released and myenteric neurons acts on the 5-HT receptor stimulating VIP release, submucosal neurons stimulated to release VIP thus stimulating AC and further activating CFTR and Cl transport out of the cell

Question 15

Cholera causes what type of stool

Answer 15

rice water stool

Question 16

Oral rehydration (water+ salt + sugar + ions) therapy works with cholera because

Answer 16

sodium and sugar absorbed in the gut

water follows

Question 17

hard to make a hypertonic starch solution

Answer 17

because starch is 1000 glucose and 1:1 osmotic (i don’t get this)

Question 18

endocrine portion of the pancreas?

Answer 18

islet cells

Question 19

Where are the secretory granules exocytosed in the acinar cells?

Answer 19

apical to dudodenum

Question 20

Neurtransmitter/hormone cAMP mediated pathway on Pancreatic acinar cell?

Answer 20

VIP and secretin

Question 21

Ca+ mediated cascade in pancreatic acinar cells?

Answer 21

GRP, ACh

Question 22

Ca+ mediated cascade in pancreatic acinar cells?

Answer 22

GRP, ACh

Question 23

how does CCK affect the pancreas?

Answer 23

CCK binds parasympathetic nerve which release ACh, ACh promotes Ca IP3/DAG cascade