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GIN > de lisle nutrient, pancreas > Flashcards

de lisle nutrient, pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

what surface of the pancreatic acinar cell of the proximal duct is the CFTR?

A

apical

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2
Q

CFTR secretes and then reabsorbs Cl, as it is reabsorbed what ion passes from cell to the lumen? Where does this occur?

A

HCO3 in the proximal duct

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3
Q

In the distal duct, how does the CFTR channel change?

A

it becomes basically an HCO3 channel

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4
Q

When CFTR is defective?

A

HCO3 aggregate in the duct and the exocrine pancreas is autodigested. Can be treated with porcine pancreas

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5
Q

What form of sugars are absorbed in the small intestine?

A

monosaccharides

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6
Q

salivary and Pancreatic alpha amylase is broken down itno

A

amylose

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7
Q

brush border enzymes convert _______saccharidases and __saccharidases to monosaccharidases for absorption

A

oligo and di

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8
Q

where is lactase contained?

A

brush border of enterocyte

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9
Q

where does amylase cleave?

A

alpha 1,4

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10
Q

What bond can’t amylase break down?

A

1,6

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11
Q

amylase hydrolyzes starch to alpha______, _______ose, and _______ose

A

alpha dextrin

maltotriose

maltose

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12
Q

COOh digestion and Absorption is ______dependent through which transporters?

A

Sodium, SGLT1

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13
Q

How do glucose, galactose, fructose enter the cell and through which transporter?

A

facilitated diffusion

via GLUT 5 n the intestine

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14
Q

Through which transporter do monosaccharides exit the cell basolaterally into the blood and serosal space?

A

GLUT2 (sodium dependent, facilitated diffusion)

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15
Q

what proteins control paracellular Na+ permeability in the small intestine?

A

Claudin
part of the zonula occludens

claudin type determines the permeability

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16
Q

why does the intestine need to paracellularly recycle sodium?

A

to allow for sodium cotransport of Glucose, AA, Lipid, and Bile Acid reabsorption

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17
Q

where does protein digestion start and where does majority occur?

A

starts in the stomach with pepsin, continues in the intestines via pancreatic proteases.

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18
Q

Pancreatic Proteases (pro form/zymogen)

A 
trypsinogen
Chymotrypsinogen
Proelastase
Procarboxy A
Procarboxy B
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19
Q

Which pancreatic proteases produce free amino acids and what does that indicate about where they cleave?

A

Carboxypeptidase A and B

they cleave single terminal AAs

20
Q

Which pancreatic proteases produce free amino acids and what does that indicate about where they cleave?

A

Carboxypeptidase A and B

they cleave single terminal AAs

21
Q

Where is enterokinase selectively expressed and what does it act on?

A

brush border membrane enzyme

acts on trypsinogen

22
Q

Trypsin–Basic terminal AA– broken down by

A

Carboxy B

23
Q

Chymotrypsin results in peptide ith Neutral AA

A

Carbozy A

24
Q

How are amino acids absorbed by the intestinal epithelium ?

A

Na depedent exchanger

25
Q

How are small peptides absorbed into the intestinal cells (a difference between COOH and proteins)

A

PEPT1 a H+ cotransporter

H+ is recycled via sodium hydrogen exchanger

26
Q

where are CCK cells (I cells)?

A

Duodenum

27
Q

Enterocytes release CCK-RP when stimulated by ___ and ____

A

Fatty acids and Amino Acids

28
Q

what peptide does the pancreas release to stimulate the I cell?

A

Monitor peptide

29
Q

When Trypsin is bound to protein after a high protein meal what happens to CCK?

A

Trypsin usually inhibits the release of CCK via the I cell, so when the trypsin is bound to protein, it can’t inhibit the I cell leading to release of CCK and subsequent stimulation of the gallbladder and pancreas, decrease gastric emptying

30
Q

Major lipolytic enzyme is_____ and released by____ and requires?

A

Pancreatic Lipase requires colipase, neutral pH, bile salts

31
Q

Where do lipases act?

A

lipid-water interface of the triglyceride droplet

32
Q

What is the role of bile salts in assisting with the binding of colipase to the lipase at the droplet interface?

A

Bile salts emulsify lipids into micelles

33
Q

What is unique about the absorption short and medium triglycerides?

A

They can be absorbed into the portal venous blood directly

34
Q

Long chain fatty acids have to be absorbed then reesterified and packaged with proteins into a _____

A

chylomicron

35
Q

Short and medium chain TGs go to the portal venous system whereas the LCFA chylomicrons go to the

A

chyle lymphatics (via the lacteal)

36
Q

what is procolipase activated by to form colipase and enterostatin (satiety agent)

A

trypsin

37
Q

hydrophobic side of bile salt is facing______ and is comprised of

A

facing inside

comprised of cholesterol (TAG tails)

38
Q

Mixed Micelle are

A

DAG, FA, MAG, lysophosphitic acid, bile salts

39
Q

RER produces what protein necessary for formation of chylomicrons?

A

ApoB

40
Q

constitutive exocytosis

A

chylomicrons made and immediately go to lymphatics

41
Q

are the brush border hydrolases higher in the crypts or villi?

A

in the villi

42
Q

is nutrient transport higher in the villus or crypt?

A

higher in the villus

43
Q

is permeability higher in villus or crypt

A

higher in the crypt

44
Q

Bile salt and B12 absorption mainly in

A

Terminal ileum

45
Q

Hydrolases and Nutrient transporters are highest in what part of the small intestine?

A

The brush border of the microvilli of the Jejunum

46
Q

Iron absorption is mainly in the

A

duodenum

GIN (11 decks)

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