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Biology of Cells 2 > Protazoan Organisms > Flashcards

Protazoan Organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Protozoa

A

Eukaryotic organisms

Ecologically important

Cause serious human dieases

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2
Q

Protazoan Organisms

How do the protozoa that are motile get around?

A

Eukaryotic cilia or flagella

Or actin-myosin cytoskeletal mechanisms

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3
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Types of host when a parasite uses multiple hosts

A

Definitive host

Intermediate host

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4
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Definitive host

A

A host used by parasites that use multiple hosts

Where parasite reproduces asexually

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5
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Intermediate host

A

A host used by parasites that use multiple hosts

Where sexual development occurs

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6
Q

Protazoan Organisms

How many hosts do parasites use?

A

Either one or multiple depending on the parasite

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7
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Excavata

A

Part of the protist supergroup

Named after “excavated” feeding grove in cell

Food particles taken into the cells by phagocytosis

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8
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Another name fro the feeding grove in excavata cells?

A

Cytostome

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9
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Process of phagocytosis in excavates

A
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10
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Four flagellates that cause human diseases

A
  • Trichomonas*
  • Giardia*
  • Leishmania*
  • Trypanosoma*
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11
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Trichomoniasis

A

Sexually transmitted infection

Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis

Produces vaginits in females

May cause urethritis in males

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12
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Symptoms of trichomoniasis

A

Pain

Dysuria (painful urination)

Discharge

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13
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Life cycle of Trichomonas vaginalis

A
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14
Q

Protazoan Organisms

How long can Trichomonas vaginalis last outside the host for?

A

Normally 1-2 hours

Up to 24 hours in water, semen or urine

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15
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Pathogenesis of Trichomoniasis

A

Infection caused by contact transmission to genital endothelial cells

These cells are destroyed and inflamation occurs

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16
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Is Trichomonas invasive?

A

No

It adheres to the vaginal endothelial cells

17
Q

Protazoan Organisms

What is the treatment for trichomoniasis?

How effective is it?

A

Oral metronidazole

Cures 95% of cases

18
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Trypanosoma

A

Is motile

Has a single flagellum

Has two hosts

19
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Trypsanosoma hosts

A

Mammals

Tsetse fly

20
Q

Protazoan Organisms

What is a vector in terms of parasites?

A

An agent that carries and transmits the infectious organism

Most commonly insects

21
Q

Protazoan Organisms

What are the two forms of trypanosomiasis?

  • What the cause
A
  • Trypanosoma brucei*
  • Causes sleeping sickness
  • Trypanosoma cruzi*
  • Causes chagas’ disease
22
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Which is the African form of the Trypanosoma species?

A

Trypanosoma brucei

23
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Which is the American form of Trypanosoma species?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

24
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Basic life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei (in human host)

A
  1. Tsetse fly injects metacyclic trypomastigotes into human
  2. Metacyclic trypomastigotes transform into bloodstream trypomastigotes
  3. Trypomastigotes mutliply by binary fission
  4. Trypomastigotes taken back up by tsetse fly
25
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Basic life cycle of Trpanosoma brucei (in tsetse fly)

A
  1. Trypomastigotes taken back up by tsetse fly
  2. Bloodstream trypomastigotes transform into procyclic trypomastigotes in flys midgut
  3. Procyclic trypomastigots multiply by binary fission
  4. Procyclic trypomastigotes leave the midgut and transform into epimastigotes
  5. Epimastigots mutliple in salvitory gland
  6. They transform into metacyclic trypomastigotes
  7. Metacyclic trypomastigotes injected into human when fly feeds
26
Q

Protazoan Organisms

What’s different about members Excavata’s mitochondria?

A

Often long tubular shape or disc-shaped

27
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Where is the mitochondrial DNA in Excavata mitochonria?

A

In a special structure called a Kinetoplast

28
Q

Protazoan Organisms

What is the reservoir for sleeping sickness?

A

Human and cattle

29
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Antigenic variation

A

When a pathogen can change their cell surface antigens

Fools immune defences

30
Q

Protazoan Organisms

How does Trypanosoma reproduce

A

Longitudinal binary fission

In mammalian hosts

Extracellular

31
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Basic symptoms of Trypanosomiasis

A

Hemorrhaging

Heacdache

Fever

Skin rash

Impaired mental status

32
Q

Protazoan Organisms

What further symptoms can a sufferer of Trypasomiasis progress to?

A

Eventual diminished alertness

Indistinct speech

Tremors

Coma

Coma can lead to death

33
Q

Protazoan Organisms

Treatment used for trypanosmiasis

A

If the CNS is involved

  • Melarsporol

If there is no CNS involvement

  • Pentamidine or Eflorinthine
34
Q
A

Biology of Cells 2 (5 decks)

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