Prosthetics SAQ's Flashcards
What are the goals of amputation surgery?
Name three general principles that apply to amputation surgery.
List five reasons for amputation.
List the seven levels at which an amputation may be carried out in the lower limb.
What is the basic principle of upper limb amputation surgery?
List four procedures that are used to determine the level of amputation of the lower limb.
What is (i) myodesis (ii) myoplasty?
Which four groups of muscles are sutured during myodesis in a transfemoral amputation?
List two measures, other than those performed during the operation, that contribute to speedy wound healing.
At which levels of lower limb amputation can a rigid plaster of Paris dressing be used?
Name three immediate complications that may follow amputation surgery.
List any late complications that may cause the stump to change in size or shape. What could be the ultimate consequences of any change?
List the main factors in the pre and post-operative management of an amputee.
Describe the different pain control methods for a
- vascular patient
- trauma patient
What are phantom phenomena?
List the main treatment methods of phantom phenomena and pain
What are the main purposes of wound dressings?
List the types of stump dressings and, where relevant, the amputation levels for which they are used.
Briefly describe the role of the nurse in the care of the amputee.
List the members of the rehabilitation team.
What is a rehab team case conference?
List the details the physiotherapist must know about the patient.
List the factors measured by the physiotherapist during a physical assessment of an amputee.
What position will the trans-femoral stump adopt without instruction?
List the types of early walking aid.
What are the benefits of using an early walking aid?
How does gait re-education commence?
List five aspects of the role of the occupational therapist in rehabilitation of the amputee.
Briefly describe the different toileting methods recommended for unilateral and bilateral amputees.
List the activities of daily living that are part of the rehabilitation process.
What types of fabrics are suitable for amputees?
What special precautions are necessary before an amputee returns to work?
List the objectives of graded activities.
Give three examples of graded activities.
How are environmental constraints and requirements assessed?
What role do Community Services play in the rehabilitation of the amputee?
What is a limb prosthesis?
What are the prosthetic requirements for an elderly trans-femoral amputee?
What prehensile devices are available for the upper limb amputee?
How are these prehensile devices controlled?
Why is social reintegration following amputation important?
When is a patient discharged following amputation?
Why should a patient remain in contact with the limb fitting centre after discharge?
If independent mobility is the over-riding objective of lower limb prosthetic replacement, what are the three specific objectives which contribute to the attainment of this?
List the five categories of prosthetic component defined by the International Standards Organisation.
List the three types of force transmission that interface components must permit.
What is the principal means of support in a socket for (i) a patient with a trans-femoral amputation and (ii) a knee disarticulation patient?
What will be the effect of moving the foot of a trans-tibial prosthesis laterally upon (a) the magnitude of the stabilising forces in the coronal plane (b) the appearance of the patient’s gait?
What are the two primary requirements of all lower limb prosthetic functional components?
What are the two principal categories of ankle-foot devices?
How does a non-articulated rigid ankle-foot device simulate ankle plantarflexion at heel contact?
What is the principal requirement of a prosthetic knee unit during (a) stance phase and (b) swing phase?
List three types of knee unit stance phase control mechanism.
The Canadian design of hip disarticulation permits the patient to walk with a free hip and a free knee. List the key features of the design which makes this possible.
How does the hip disarticulation prosthesis user initiate knee flexion at the end of the stance phase?
List the six types of adjustment required to perform the alignment process.
Pyramid designs of integrated alignment devices permit only angular changes (or tilts) in alignment. How is a linear change (or shift) achieved in a prosthesis incorporating this design of component?
What alignment change is indicated to relieve excessive proximal medial stump socket pressure in a transtibial prosthesis when standing, when (a) the foot is flat on the ground (b) the foot is bearing weight on the lateral margin only?
What are two elements of cosmesis?
Why is the cosmesis of prostheses for patients who have suffered disarticulation surgery less satisfactory than other categories of prostheses?
When rectifying a cast for a prosthetic socket, what areas of the cast are generally (a) built up (b) have plaster removed from them and why?
What are the two currently existing methods of digitising the shape of the stump of a CAD/CAM system?
What are the two types of principal structural tests for lower limb prostheses and what type of loading are they designed to test for?
A static test comprising a single application of a load corresponding to the worst load generated during anticipated activity.
A cycle test to test the fatigue properties of the prosthesis comprising the repetitive application of a load corresponding to that generated during normal walking.
What are the two main categories of upper limb absence or amputation and what are their root causes?
What is the main objective of upper limb prosthetic treatment?
Which factors may determine an individual’s success with an upper limb prosthesis?
What are the important factors in determining how comfortable a upper limb prosthesis is?
Why do some people with unilateral upper limb absence give up wearing a functional prosthesis?
What is the difference between static cosmesis and dynamic cosmesis?
What are the main categories for providing power for upper limb prostheses?
What is the main limitation on using external power for upper limb prostheses?
What are the advantages of body powered upper limb prostheses?
What are the control limitations of body-powered upper limb prostheses?
What is a volar plate?
What is an EMG?
What are the advantages of myoelectric control of an upper limb prosthesis?
What is a proprioceptor?
When might a servo-controlled prosthesis be considered useful?
What are the main components of a trans-radial body powered upper limb prosthesis?
What are the main components of a trans-humeral body powered upper limb prosthesis?
What is the main function of a socket?
What is the main function of a harness?
Which features are desirable for a harness?
What are the advantages of a volar plate?
What are the advantages of a split hook?
What are the advantages of a mechanical hand?
What improvements could be made to electrically-powered artificial hands?
Which units are used to rate the capacity of a battery?
What are the advantages of NiMH batteries over NiCad batteries?
How do “smart chargers” differ from conventional battery chargers?
What is one main disadvantage of cable-operated body-powered prostheses?
What are myoelectric transducers?
What are the disadvantages of the use of PVC to make “gloves” for a prosthetic hand?
