Prosthetic Valves

Question 1

Expected scar from a valve replacement?

Answer 1

Midline sternotomy

Question 2

What does a midline sternotomy indicate?

Answer 2

Mitral/aortic valve replacement or CABG

Question 3

Biprosthetic valves have a longer lifespan than mechanical. True or False?

Answer 3

False

10 years vs over 20 years for mechanical

Question 4

What must you take with a mechanical valve?

Answer 4

Life long anticoagulants

Warfarin

Question 5

Types of mechanical valves?

Answer 5

Starr-Edwards valve
Tilting Disc Valve
St. Jude Valve

Question 6

Which valve has the least risk of thrombus formation?

Answer 6

St Jude valve

Question 7

Complications of a valve replacement?

Answer 7

Thrombus formation
Infective endocarditis
Haemolysis (causing anemia)

Question 8

What do mechanical valves do to sound of heart?

Answer 8

Click replaces S1 for metallic mitral valve

Click replaces S2 for a metallic aortic valve

Question 9

If S1 is a click which valve is metallic?

Answer 9

Mitral

Question 10

Which noise would be a click if there was a metallic aortic valve?

Answer 10

S2

Question 11

What is a TAVI?

Answer 11

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Question 12

What is a TAVI for?

Answer 12

Treats aortic stenosis

Question 13

Who would receive a TAVI?

Answer 13

Patients at high risk for open valve replacement option

Question 14

What does a TAVI involve?

Answer 14

• General/local anesthetic
• Inserting catheter into femoral artery
• Feeding wire under x ray guidance to location of aortic valve
• Inflating balloon to stretch stenosed aortic valve & implanting biprosthetic valve in aortic valve location

Question 15

What does a TAVI not typically require and why?

Answer 15

Warfarin

Biprosthetic valve

Question 16

What 3 gram positive cocci organisms cause infective endocarditis?

Answer 16

Staphylococcus
Steptococcus
Enterococcus

Question 17

What type of organisms cause infective endocarditis?

Answer 17

Gram positive cocci