Prostatic carcinoma Flashcards
The cells involved in NODULAR PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA?
prostatic stromal and epithelial cells
What is Estradiol?
Estrogen
Nodular hyperplasia develops due to activation of growth through: (3 points)
→ Estradiol that increases in aging men will increase the number androgen receptors
→ The stromal cells produce 5 alpha reductase (it converts testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone “DHT”)
→ Testosterone and DHT bind nuclear androgen receptors in the stromal and epithelial cells causing growth factor activation → thereby nodular hyperplasia
lobes commonly affected in Prostatic hyperplasia?
Gross prostate; describe
The outer surface is smooth and cut section is elastic with multiple cysts discharging milky secretion
Prostate microscopy, what do you see?
Men with the highest risk of prostate cancer?
Men with the highest ‘free’ testosterone levels face a 18% greater risk of prostate cancer
gross prostate, describe
Prostate microscopy, what do you see?
+ diagnose
What will you see in Grade 1 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Grade 1: single, separate, uniform small glands in closely packed masses with definite round edges limiting the area of the tumor
What will you see in Grade 2 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Grade 2: single, separate, less uniform glands, loosely packed (separated by small amounts of stroma) with less sharp edges.
What will you see in Grade 3 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Grade 3: Single, separate, much more variable glands, irregularly separated, few cribriform glands & poorly defined edges
What will you see in Grade 4 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Grade 4: Fused glandular structures infiltrating the surrounding stroma
What will you see in Grade 5 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Grade 5: Cords, solid masses of malignant cells or glandular structures showing cribriform pattern or central necrosis (comedo carcinoma
T1 stage of prostatic carcinoma?
T2 stage of prostatic carcinoma?
T2a stage of prostatic carcinoma?
T2b stage of prostatic carcinoma?
T2c stage of prostatic carcinoma?
T3 stage of prostatic carcinoma?
T4 stage of prostatic carcinoma?
