Prostate Cancer

Question 1

Define:

Answer 1

Primary malignancy neoplasm of the prostate gland (mainly from peripheral prostate)

Spread may be local (seminal vesicles, bladder + rectum), via bone or lymph.

Question 2

Aetiology:

Answer 2

UNKNOWN

Question 3

Risk factors:

Answer 3

ROAD AF

Raised testosterone
Occupational exposure to Cadium
Age
Dietary factors (low in fibre and high in fats)
Afro-carribean
Family History (increases risk 2-3x more)

Question 4

Epidemiology:

Answer 4

Common

Question 5

Symptoms:

Answer 5

FLAWS

Frequency 
Nocturia
Poor stream 
Hesitancy 
Terminal dribbling 

Bone pain
Cord compression
Paraneoplastic syndromes

Question 6

Signs:

Answer 6

On DRE:
-Asymmetrical hard nodular prostate

Loss of midline sulcus

Question 7

Investigations:

Answer 7

First line - PSA

Then DRE

GOLD STANDARD - transurethral ultrasound guided biopsy

Isotope bone scan to check for metastases