Glomerularnephritis

Question 1

Define:

Answer 1

Immunological mediated inflammation of the renal glomeruli and nephrons.

Question 2

Aetiology/risk factors:

Answer 2

Inflammation leads to –> damage to glomerulus restricts blood flow and so an increase in BP.

Damage to filtration mechanism = protein + blood in urine

Loss of filtration capacity = AKI

Bacteria causes -strep + staph

Viruses - mumps, measles, Hep B and C, EBV

Drugs

Diabetes

SLE

Tumours

Question 3

Epidemiology:

Answer 3

25% of chronic renal failure

Question 4

Symptoms:

Answer 4

Haematuria

Subcutaneous oedema

Polyuria/oligouria

Recent infection

Question 5

Signs:

Answer 5

Haematuria

Hypertension

Renal failure

Proteinuria

Question 6

What is nephrotic syndrome:

Answer 6

An increase in permeability of the glomerulus = loss of a lot of protein

Triad = proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema
–> Will get hyperlipidemia as the liver will try to compensate for the loss of the albumin

Question 7

What is nephritis syndrome:

Answer 7

Thin glomerular basement with pores - LOSS OF LOTS OF BLOOD

Triad = hypertension, proteinuria, haematuria.

Question 8

Investigations:

Answer 8

Bloods:

• FBC
• U + Es
• LFTS
• creatinine
• lipid profile
• complement studies

Antibodies:
-ANA
-Anti-dsDNA
-ANCA
Anti-GBM 
cyroglobulins 

Urine microscopy, 24 hr collection

Imaging

Renal biopsy

HBV, HCV and HIV serology