Prostate cancer Flashcards
Among males in the US, _____ is the leading cause of cancer
Prostate cancer
PSA levels can give off
false positives
What is PSA?
PSA is a protein made by the prostate, levels of this protein usually go up when a person has prostate cancer
What can cause PSA to be elevated other than cancer?
BPH (enlarged prostate), prostate infection, hurt your prostate (injured or riding a bike), or recent ejaculation
Taking a medication called Finasteride
When do we proceed with a prostate biopsy?
Life expectancy is at least 10 years, PSA is elevated above the range for the patient’s age or PSA has increased more than 0.75 over one year
Prior to prostate biopsy, it is appropriate to check
MRI Pelvis to determine if there are any prostatic or bony lesions
What are risk factors for developing prostate cancer?
Increasing age, African American, family hx of prostate cancer, red meat and dairy products, alcohol use, tobacco use, decreased physical activity
Bladder wall thickening will occur overtime due to
enlarged prostate
What does a TRUS (transrectal US biopsy of prostate) include?
There are 12 core samples taken
Procedure takes about 10 minutes
Antibiotics are given prior to biopsy (3 days leading up to biopsy)
Cipro 500 mg bid x3 days
Fleet enema is required morning of procedure
Need 2 prostate biopsies under active surveillance
What is the prostate calculation?
Length x width x height x 0.52 g
What is the PI-RADS scale?
Prostate imaging and Reporting Data System
Combo of imaging findings predicts probability that cancer is significant
Gleason > 7
Volume > 0.5 mL
Extraporstatic extension
PI - RADS 1 - very low
PI - RADS 3 - intermediate
PI - RADS 5 - very high
Gleason score
Most common grade first, second most common second
3+3 = Grade 1
3+4 = Grade 2
4+3 = Grade 3
4+4 = Grade 4
4+5, 5+4, 5+5 = Grade 5
If there are 2 elevated PSA levels, check
MRI Pelvis
If there are 3 abnormal PSA levels, can order
prostate biopsy
If MRI Pelvis is ordered, have patients RTC in
4-6 weeks to go over results
