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z_MS_Primers for Exam 4 > Prostate Cancer > Flashcards

Prostate Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Prostate cancer occurs mainly in older men w/ nearly 2/3rd diagnosed in pts over ___y/o.

A

• 65

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2
Q

True or False

BPH is a risk factor for Prostate cancer.

A

• False, it is not

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3
Q

What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?

A
  • Age, ethnicity, and family hx
  • High-fat diet
  • Obesity
  • Exposure to certain chemicals
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4
Q

True or False

The risk is higher for men who have a brother with the prostate cancer than for those with an affected father.

A

• True

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5
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of prostate cancer?

A 
•	Usually asymptomatic in early stages
•	Urinary issues:
o	Dysuria
o	Hesitancy
o	Dribbling
o	Frequency 
•	Pain in lumbosacral area that radiates to hips or legs
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6
Q

The majority of prostate tumors grow where on the gland?

A

• Outer aspect

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7
Q

Are prostate tumors fast or slow growing?

A

• Usually slow growing

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8
Q

What are the 3 routes that prostate cancer spreads through?

A
  • Direct extension
  • Lymph system
  • Blood stream
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9
Q

Direct extension of prostate cancer involves

A
  • Seminal vesicles
  • Urethral mucosa
  • Bladder wall
  • External sphincter
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10
Q

What are two screening methods used for prostate cancer?

A
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

* Digital rectal examination (DRE)

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11
Q

What does elevated levels of PSA indicate?

A
  • A prostatic pathology, but not necessarily cancer

* Further testing is required

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12
Q

What indicates possible prostate cancer via DRE?

A

• Prostate will feel hard, nodular and asymmetric.

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13
Q

DRE can also be used for BPH. What is the difference between how a BPH issue will feel as opposed to prostatic cancer?

A

• With BPH, the prostate will feel smooth and symmetrical, where as prostate cancer will feel hard and asymmetrical

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14
Q

What is the definitive diagnostic test for prostate cancer?

A

• Prostate biopsy

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15
Q

Why might Bone scans, MRI or CT be used for prostate cancer?

A

• To detect tumor growth/metastasis

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16
Q

Treatment for prostate cancer is based on

A

• Grade of tumor and health of patient

17
Q

What are the available treatments for prostate cancer?

A
  • Radiation Therapy (internal/external)
  • Hormone therapy
  • Chemotherapy
  • Radical Prostatectomy
18
Q

Explain hormone therapy for prostate cancer.

A

• Androgen hormone feeds cancer cells, so anti-androgen drugs are used to starve the tumor and reduce growth

19
Q

True or False

Estrogen is an androgen blocker.

A

• True

20
Q

Chemotherapy for prostate cancer is primarily limited to

A

• Those with hormone-resistant prostate cancer (HRPC) in late stages

21
Q

What is the goal of chemotherapy for prostate cancer?

A

• Palliation, as prostate cancer has responded poorly to chemotherapy.

22
Q

What is removed in a radical prostectomy?

A
  • Prostate
  • Seminal vesicles
  • Part of the bladder neck
  • with or without lymph node dissection
23
Q

Post prostectomy, what will be in place?

A
  • Catheter

* Surgical drain

24
Q

What are two major complications of prostectomy?

A
  • Erectile dysfunction

* Urinary incontinence

25
Q

What is our post prostectomy nursing care?

A
  • Bladder irrigation
  • Assess catheter patency
  • Assess for clots and bleeding
  • Measurement intake and output
  • Presence of bladder spam
  • Manage pain
26
Q

How long will the catheter stay in post prostectomy?

A

• 10-21 days

27
Q

Post prostectomy: Assess the urinary output every _ to _ hours for color, consistency, amount, and presence of _____.

A
  • 1 to 2 hours

* blood clots

28
Q

Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI) is used to prevent the formation of blood clots, which could…

A

• obstruct urinary output.

29
Q

How is CBI obstruction removed?

A
  • Use a sterile technique
  • Irrigate with 50 mL of irrigating solution at a time, until the obstruction is relieved or the urine is clear.
  • Ensure equal input and output of irrigating fluid.
30
Q

When assessing a pt post prostectomy, what should be reported to the HCP?

A
  • Dysuria, low back pain radiating to legs or pelvis, bone pain
  • Distended bladder on palpation; unilaterally hard, enlarged fixed prostate on rectal examination
31
Q

Why is it important to drink plenty of fluids post prostectomy?

A

• To flush any bleeding from bladder

32
Q

PT teaching regarding activity post prostectomy?

A
  • It is important not to be too active
  • Normal daily activities such as normal walking can occur immediately after the procedure.
  • No lifting or other demanding activities in the first two weeks or so after surgery
  • Sexual activity should be avoided for at least 4 weeks.
33
Q

What is important to keep in mind regarding elimination post prostectomy?

A

• PT will need to take stool softeners as to not strain

z_MS_Primers for Exam 4 (18 decks)

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