Drug List for Exam 4 Flashcards
What is albumin?
• Albumin is a protein made by your liver.
What does albumin do?
• Albumin helps keep fluid in your bloodstream, so it doesn’t leak into other tissues
What do low albumin levels indicate?
• A problem with your liver or kidneys.
What is albumin used to treat?
- Used to treat or prevent shock following serious injury, bleeding, surgery, or burns by increasing the volume of blood plasma by drawing it from the interstitial space into the intravascular
- This medicine can also replace low blood protein
Daunorubicin is an anthracycline chemo (anticancer) drug that can cause
• Cardiotoxicity
Daunorubicin (chemo drug) class?
- Antineoplastic agent
* Anthracycline (chemo drug)
Daunorubicin (Chemo drug) sfx?
- Cardiotoxicity
- Extravasation
- Myelosuppression
- Alopecia
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
- N/V
Ferrous sulphate: Class and dosage info.
- Class: Iron supplement
* Dosage: 150-200mg 2/3 x’s daily
What are the sfx of ferrous sulphate?
- Constipation/diarrhea
- Black stools
- Nausea
- Heartburn, abdominal/epigastric pain
How is ferrous sulphate best absorbed?
• When take with orange juice
When should ferrous sulphate be taken in relation to meals?
• Should be taken 1hr before meals
Many individuals who need supplemental iron cannot tolerate ferrous sulphate because of the effects of the sulphate base. What is an acceptable substitute?
• ferrous gluconate
Gabapentin (Neurontin) class?
- Anticonvulsant
* Neuropathic Pain Agent
Gabapentin (Neurontin) use?
- To help manage certain epileptic seizures and
* Relieve neuropathic pain for some conditions, such as shingles
Gabapentin (Neurontin) patient edu?
- Do not discontinue medication quickly after long-term use, withdrawal-precipitated seizures may occur
- Do not double dose; if dose is missed, take if 2 hr or more before next dose
Heparin: Class?
• Anticoag
Heparin: Method of Action
• Prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and prothrombin to thrombin
Heparin: Use
- Prevention of MI
- DIC
- A-Fib
- Dialysis
- Maintain patency of indwelling venipuncture devices
Heparin: Adverse effect
• Anything bleeding and anticlotting
Heparin: Contraindications
• Allergy to corn or pork
Heparin: Antidote?
• Protamine sulfate
Heparin: What clotting measurement is used?
• PTT
Leucovorin: Class?
• Methotrexate rescue
What is Leucovorin?
• A reduced folic acid
Leucovorin: Use?
- in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to enhance effectiveness
- Megaloblastic or macrocytic anemia caused by folic acid deficiency
- Overdose of folic acid antagonist
- Methotrexate toxicity
Luteinizing Hormone: What does it do to males?
• Causes the testicles to make testosterone, which is important for producing sperm.
How do we want to affect Luteinizing Hormone w/ prostate cancer?
• Lower it w/ drugs that prohibit its receptors
What is the effect of LH hormonal therapy for prostate cancer?
• Lowers LH and testosterone
Side effects of LH hormonal therapy for prostate cancer?
- Hot flashes,
- Gynecomastia
- Loss of libido
- ED
What drugs interfere with the absorption of folic acid?
- Methotrexate (antineoplastic agent used to treat leukemia and other cancers)
- Antiseizure drugs (phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin))
Methotrexate: Class
- Antineoplastic
* Folic acid antagonist
Methotrexate: Action
- Inhibits an enzyme that reduces folic acid
* Immunosuppressive
Methotrexate: Use
- It can treat cancer of the blood, bone, lung, breast, head, and neck.
- It can also treat rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
How do you reverse methotrexate toxicity?
• Leucovorin rescue must be started within 24 to 48 hours of methotrexate initiation, or within 24 hours of completion
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is what type of drug and how does it treat breast cancer?
- It is an anti-estrogen
* By blocking estrogen, it starves the tumor of it and the tumor shrinks
Tamoxifen: Class?
- Antineoplastic
* Antiestrogen
Tamoxifen: Action
• Inhibits DNA synthesis
Tamoxifen: Therapeutic Outcome
• Prevention of rapidly growing malignant cells
Tamoxifen: Contraindication
• Pregnancy, breastfeeding
Tamoxifen: hematological sfx?
- Thrombocytopenia
- Leukopenia
- Deep vein thrombosis
When starting Tamoxifen, what nursing assessments should be done?
- Assess for tumor flare: increase in bone, tumor pain during beginning treatment; give analgesics as ordered to decrease pain
- Severe allergic reactions: Rash, pruritus, urticaria, purpuric skin lesions, itching, flushing
What is vitamin K the antidote for?
• Warfarin
Vitamin K is a
• Clotting factor
Warfarin: Class
• Anticoag
Does Warfarin affect PT or PTT?
• PT/INR
Warfarin: Action
- Interferes with blood clotting by indirect means
* Depresses hepatic synthesis of vit K–dependent coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X)
Warfarin: Therapeutic outcome
• Prevention of clotting or pulmonary embolism
Warfarin: Contraindications
• Pregnancy, any condition that promotes bleeding
