Prostate and Testicular Cancer Flashcards
which cancer type has peak incidence in 3rd decade
testicular cancer
most common type of testicular cancer
germ cell (95%)
which of the following is not a risk factor for testicular cancer
a. caucasian
b. undescended testicle
c. african origin
c. african origin
this is a risk factor for prostate cancer when they living in western countries
common presentation of testicular cancer
painless lump
treatment of testicular cancer
radical orchidectomy (with fascia and nodes)
adjuvant radio/prophylactic chemo
radio/chemo for nodes
chemo for metastases
three modes of testicular cancer spread
local, regional and distant
3 sites of testicular cancer spread
lung, liver and bone
stages of testicular cancer
1: confined to testes
2: nodes below diapragm
3: nodes past diaphragm
4: metastases
what lymph nodes to the testes drain into
para-aortic
testes/prostate drain into internal iliac nodes
prostate
5 year survival of stage 4 testicular
73%
common diagnosis pathway of prostate cancer
opportunistic PSA testing
HPC is a mutation of prostate/testicular cancer
prostate
AFP is a mutation of prostate/testicular cancer
testicular
when is prostate cancer peak incidence
65-70 y/o
risk factors of prostate cancer
first degree relative
HPC mutation
BRCA mutation
symptoms of localised non-invasive prostate cancer
storage and voiding LUTS (hesitance, residual volume, frequency, urgency, incontinence)
weight loss
lethargy
symptoms of invasive primary prostate tumour
haematuria pain impotence loin pain haemospermia
symptoms of metastases
bone pain
lymphadenopathy
lymphaoedema
common metastatic site of prostate cancer
bone
what lymph nodes does the prostate drain into
internal iliac
triad required for a diagnosis of prostate cancer
- PSA raised >10/20
- DRExamination
- TRUS-guide biopsy
what does TRUS stand for
TransRectal UltraSound
significance of ISUP and gleason sum score
ISUP replaced gleason
ISUP is 1-5
4 practical types of prostate cancer
localised
locally advanced
metastatic
hormone refractory
a T1/2 tumour is what practical type of prostate cancer
localised
locally advanced prostate cancer is what T stage
T3/4
definition of hormone refractory
doesn’t respond after 18-24 months
true/false PSA increases with age
true - ~10 for every decade
which of the following is not appropriate treatment of localised prostate cancer
a. watchful waiting
b. chemo
c. radio
d. brachytherapy
e. radical prostatectomt
b. chemo - this is reserved for metastatic and hormone refractory
prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer
3-5 year survival
prognosis of localised prostate cancer
90% survival at 15 years
prognosis of locally advanced prostate cancer
80-90% survival at 5 years
how long before hormone refractory prostate cancer kills you
18-22 months
true/false prostate cancer is screened
false - doesn’t improve survival so doesn’t meet Wilson-Junger criteria
