Acute Kidney Injury Flashcards
3 divisions of AKI causes
prerenal, renal and postrenal
kidney stones are pre/renal/post
post renal
a prerenal cause of AKI is a problem in the ________
blood flow to the kidney
renal caused AKI result from damage to ______
the kidney itself
glomerulonephritis is pre/renal/post
renal
vasculitis is pre/renal/post
renal
sepsis is pre/renal/post
prerenal
hypotension is pre/renal/post
prerenal
prostatic hypertrophy is pre/renal/post
postrenal
symptoms of fluid overload in AKI
raised JVP, pulmonary oedema, peripheral oedema
what is radiocontrast nephropathy
AKI following the administration of an iodinated contrast agent
true/false radiocontrast nephropathy is usually self limiting
true - usually resolves in 72 hours but can cause permanent loss of function
what drugs are nephrotoxic
NSAIDs, gentomycin, aminoglycosides and iodine contrast
4 things to do to treat AKI
given them fluids
optimise their BP
stop nephrotoxic drugs
catheterise
what acronym is used for AKI treatment
STOP (sepsis, toxins, optimise BP and prevent harm)
Immediate consequences of AKI
Acidosis Electrolyte imbalance (hyperkalaemia) Intoxication Overload Uraemia
how does hyperkalaemia show on ECG
tall tented T waves, wide flat P wave and long PR interval
hyperkalaemia makes you brady/tachycardic
bradycardic
big consequence of hyperkalaemia
ventricular fibrillation –> death
managment of hyperkalaemia
stabilise myocardium with calcium gluconate then move K+ intracellulary with insulin or salbutamol
effect of insulin of K+ uptake
increases uptake of K+ into cells
true/false you should keep someone with hyperkalaemia on diuretics
false - remove diuretics
what AKI causes are most curable
post-renal
true/false AKI can make you confused
true - build up of toxins?
urine output in AKI
<0.5ml/kg/hour for 6 hours
common renal destruction caused by hypotension/volaemia
acute tubular necrosis
how many hospital stays are complicated by an AKI
1/7
how many hospital admissions are AKIs
1/5-7
true/false - 25% of ITU admissions are down to an AKI
false - 50%
true/false in AKI there is retention of water, urea and creatinine
true
relationship with serum creatinine and GFR
the higher serum creatinine the lower the GFR
