Acute Kidney Injury

Question 1

3 divisions of AKI causes

Answer 1

prerenal, renal and postrenal

Question 2

kidney stones are pre/renal/post

Answer 2

post renal

Question 3

a prerenal cause of AKI is a problem in the ________

Answer 3

blood flow to the kidney

Question 4

renal caused AKI result from damage to ______

Answer 4

the kidney itself

Question 5

glomerulonephritis is pre/renal/post

Answer 5

renal

Question 6

vasculitis is pre/renal/post

Answer 6

renal

Question 7

sepsis is pre/renal/post

Answer 7

prerenal

Question 8

hypotension is pre/renal/post

Answer 8

prerenal

Question 9

prostatic hypertrophy is pre/renal/post

Answer 9

postrenal

Question 10

symptoms of fluid overload in AKI

Answer 10

raised JVP, pulmonary oedema, peripheral oedema

Question 11

what is radiocontrast nephropathy

Answer 11

AKI following the administration of an iodinated contrast agent

Question 12

true/false radiocontrast nephropathy is usually self limiting

Answer 12

true - usually resolves in 72 hours but can cause permanent loss of function

Question 13

what drugs are nephrotoxic

Answer 13

NSAIDs, gentomycin, aminoglycosides and iodine contrast

Question 14

4 things to do to treat AKI

Answer 14

given them fluids
optimise their BP
stop nephrotoxic drugs
catheterise

Question 15

what acronym is used for AKI treatment

Answer 15

STOP (sepsis, toxins, optimise BP and prevent harm)

Question 16

Immediate consequences of AKI

Answer 16

Acidosis
Electrolyte imbalance (hyperkalaemia)
Intoxication
Overload
Uraemia

Question 17

how does hyperkalaemia show on ECG

Answer 17

tall tented T waves, wide flat P wave and long PR interval

Question 18

hyperkalaemia makes you brady/tachycardic

Answer 18

bradycardic

Question 19

big consequence of hyperkalaemia

Answer 19

ventricular fibrillation –> death

Question 20

managment of hyperkalaemia

Answer 20

stabilise myocardium with calcium gluconate then move K+ intracellulary with insulin or salbutamol

Question 21

effect of insulin of K+ uptake

Answer 21

increases uptake of K+ into cells

Question 22

true/false you should keep someone with hyperkalaemia on diuretics

Answer 22

false - remove diuretics

Question 23

what AKI causes are most curable

Answer 23

post-renal

Question 24

true/false AKI can make you confused

Answer 24

true - build up of toxins?

Question 25

urine output in AKI

Answer 25

<0.5ml/kg/hour for 6 hours

Question 26

common renal destruction caused by hypotension/volaemia

Answer 26

acute tubular necrosis

Question 27

how many hospital stays are complicated by an AKI

Answer 27

1/7

Question 28

how many hospital admissions are AKIs

Answer 28

1/5-7

Question 29

true/false - 25% of ITU admissions are down to an AKI

Answer 29

false - 50%

Question 30

true/false in AKI there is retention of water, urea and creatinine

Answer 30

true

Question 31

relationship with serum creatinine and GFR

Answer 31

the higher serum creatinine the lower the GFR