Prostaglandin

Question 1

Arachidonic acid can be converted into..

Answer 1

Leukotrienes and prostaglandins

Question 2

Enzyme that catalyzes arachidonic acid into leukotrienes

Answer 2

Lipoxygenase

Question 3

Enzyme that catalyzes arachidonic acid into prostaglandins

Answer 3

Cycloxygenase

Question 4

Can can prostaglandins be converted into that are important for blood-clotting?

Answer 4

Thromboxanes and prostaglandins

Question 5

What inhibits prostaglandins from being formed from arachidonic acids?

Answer 5

Aspirin and other NSAIDS

Question 6

What are eicosanoids?

Answer 6

Prostaglandins and other related compounds (leukotrienes and thromboxanes)

Question 7

How do eicosanoids differ from hormones?

Answer 7

Synthesized in cells

Act locally (vs systematically)

Extremely short half lives

Extremely small concentration to elicit a desired effect

Question 8

Almost every cell can produce _________ and there are nearly thousands that elicit a multitude of physiological effects!

Answer 8

Eicosanoids

Question 9

What type of eicosanoids do platelets produce? What do they do?

Answer 9

Thromboxane, they promote platelet aggregations and vasoconstriction.

Procoagulant

Question 10

what’s an example of a Procoagulant?

Answer 10

Thromboxane

Synthesized by platelets

Question 11

What eicosanoids do vascular epithelial cells synthesize? What do they do?

Answer 11

Prostacyclin, inhibit lately aggregation and stimulate vasodilation

Question 12

What is an example of a anticoagulant?

Answer 12

Prostacyclin, synthesized by vascular endothelial cells

Question 13

_________ produces arachidonic acids

Answer 13

Linoleic acid

Question 14

What is the most common precursor of eicosanoids?

Answer 14

Arachidonic acid

Question 15

What enzyme must be activated for the release of arachidonic acid?

Answer 15

Phospholipase A2

Question 16

Synthesis of prostaglandins requires what two enzymes?

Answer 16

Lipoxygenase (for leukotrienes) and cyclooxygenase (for prostacyclin and thromboxanes)

Question 17

What is the enzyme target of steroids?

Answer 17

Phospholipases A2, which produces arachidonic acid

Question 18

What is the enzyme target of NSAIDS?

Answer 18

Cyclooxygenase, production of thromboxanes and prostacyclin (prostaglandins)

Question 19

What is the most common NSAID?

Answer 19

Aspirin

Question 20

What class of drugs are used to minimize inflammatory reactions (asthma attacks), reduce discomfort associated with inflammation, and promote gene level up-regulation of Phospholipases A2 inhibitor?

Answer 20

Glucocorticoids

Question 21

All steroids have ______ __________ and therefore act at the level of ______ _________

Answer 21

Nuclear receptors, gene expression

Question 22

COX

Answer 22

Cyclooxygenase

Question 23

NSAIDS inhbit the ___________ ____ in formation of both _________ and ____________

Answer 23

Cyclooxygenase step, prostacyclins and thromboxanes

Question 24

Aspirin inhibits both ________ and _______

Answer 24

COX1 and COX2

Question 25

Leukotrienes are directly related to:

Answer 25

Asthma

Question 26

By blocking the COX, due to ________, you open the pathway for _________

Answer 26

Aspirin (NSAIDS), Leukotrienes

Question 27

By blocking the pathway through COX enzymes, leukotrienes are produced, inducing ________ ________

Answer 27

Asthmatic response

Question 28

How does aspirin work?

Answer 28

Irreversibly inactivated COX by acetylation

Question 29

Asprin is a ________ _________ of COX

Answer 29

Suicide inhibitor

Question 30

Platelets have no ______ and cannot synthesize new ___________

Answer 30

Nucleus, COX

Question 31

Aspirin inhibition persists for the life span of the _______, which is how long?

Answer 31

Platelets, 7-10 days

Question 32

With the affect of aspiring, the platelets can no longer produce _________

Answer 32

Thromboxanes, due to no COX activity

Question 33

Vascular endothelial cells have a ________ therefore can synthesize __________ and produce _________

Answer 33

Nucleus, COX, prostacyclin

Question 34

Role of aspirin in those with increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Answer 34

Reduce the risk of unwanted blood clotting

Question 35

End result of aspirin

Answer 35

Inhibits pathway for thromboxane production Creates a mild hemostatic defect Reduces blood coagulation