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B2 Biochem > Lipid Classification > Flashcards

Lipid Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What is amphipathic?

A

Having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, aka fatty acids

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2
Q

What is the hydrophobic structure of FAs?

A

Hydrocarbon chains

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3
Q

What is the hydrophilic structure of FAs?

A

Terminal carboxyl group

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4
Q

What is the pKa of the terminal carboxyl group of FAs?

A

About 4.8

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5
Q

At physiological pH, what happens to the carboxyl group of FAs?

A

The -COOH ionizes to -COO(-) and becomes anionic and hydrophilic

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6
Q

What is LCFA?

A

Long chain fatty acids

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7
Q

Since LCFAs are hydrophobic, how are they moved through circulation?

A

Must be in association with a protein for circulation solubility

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8
Q

Saturated FAs

A

No double bonds

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9
Q

Unsaturated FAs

A

Carbons have 1 or more double bonds

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10
Q

More than one double bond in FA

A

Polyunsaturated

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11
Q

Double bonds of FAs are in what formation?

A

Cis formation

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12
Q

The Cis formation causes FAs to do what?

A

Bend or kink

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13
Q

Cis formations are placed at…

A

3 carbon intervals

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14
Q

Melting point/fluidity and Double bonds

A

The more double bonds, the lower the Tm and higher the fluidity

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15
Q

Increasing chain length and Tm/fluidity

A

Increases Tm and decreases fluidity

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16
Q

Therefore LCFA have:

A

High Tm due to chain length

High fluidity due to double bonds

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17
Q

Carbon 1, 2, 3, 4 of FAs

A

Carbon 1 in the carboxyl carbon

Carbon 2 is the alpha carbon, attached to the carboxyl group

Carbon 3 is the beta carbon

Carbon 4 is the gamma carbon

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18
Q

Terminal methyl group carbon is the..

A

w-carbon

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19
Q

Naming of FAs can start at the carboxyl carbon or w-carbon depending on the:

A

“Terminal” double bond

20
Q

example of a w-6 FA

A

Arachidonic acid 20:4(4,8,11,14)

21
Q

What does 20:4(5,8,11,14) means?

A

Unsaturated

20 carbons

4 double bonds

Double bonds at 5,8,11,14 C’s

22
Q

2 FAs that humans cannot synthesize

A

Linoleic acid and alpha-Linoleic acid

23
Q

Linoleic acid

A

w-6 FA

18:2(9,12)

24
Q

alpha-Linoleic acid

A

w-3 acid

18:3(9,12,15)

25
Q

Arachidonic acid becomes essential IF? And why?

A

If Linoleic acid is deficient in the diet

Because Linoleic acid is a precursor for other shorter w-6 FAs

26
Q

What FA is a substrate for prostaglandin synthesis?

A

Arachidonic acid

27
Q

What is a precursor for w-3 FAs?

A

Alpha-Linoleic acid

28
Q

What FA is important for growth and development?

A

Alpha-Linoleic acid

29
Q

4-10 carbons

A

Short and medium chain length FAs

30
Q

16-22 carbons

A

LCFAs

31
Q

More than 22 carbons

A

Very long chain FAs

32
Q

Where are FAs produced?

A

Cytosol

33
Q

2 forms of FAs

A

Free FAs

Fatty acyl esters

34
Q

Unesterified FAs

A

Free FAs

35
Q

Esterified FAs

A

Fatty acyl esters

36
Q

Low level concentrations of FAs are found in

A

Most tissues, not including blood

37
Q

High level concentrations of FAs are found in blood serum during

A

fasting

38
Q

Albumin is important for FAs, how?

A

Transport of LCFAs in blood serum

39
Q

When will FAs come from TAGs? And where?

A

During fasting, and from adipose tissue

40
Q

Point of origin for FAs

A

From TAGs in adipose tissue

From circulating lipoproteins (or liver/GI)

41
Q

Can most tissues take up free FAs?

A

Yes

42
Q

Free FA functions

A

Structural components of membrane

conjugation to proteins for membrane anchoring properties

Oxidized to provide energy (liver and muscle)

Precursors for hormone-like prostaglandins

43
Q

Precursors of fatty acyl esters can be used to form

A

Complex molecules, like TAG

44
Q

What are fatty acyl esters stored?

A

Adipose tissue, as TAG

45
Q

What serves as the major energy reserve for the body?

A

fatty acyl esters

46
Q

Most plasma fatty acids are:

A

Fatty acyl esters (90%)

47
Q

Fatty acyl esters are contained in lipoprotein particles such as:

A

TAG

cholesteryl esters

phopholipids

B2 Biochem (13 decks)

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