Prosocial Behavior Flashcards
What does the empathy-altruism hypothesis mean?
This hypothesis proposes that because of empathy we help those in need because we experience empathic concern for them.
What are the 3 components of Empathy?
1) Emotional Empathy
2) Empathic accuracy
3) Empathic Concern
All of these three components can serve as a basis for helping others.
What does the negative-state relief model suggest?
This model proposes that people help other people in order to relieve and make less negative their own emotional discomfort.
What does the empathetic joy hypothesis suggest?
It suggests that helping stems from the positive reactions recipients show when they receive help (e.g., gifts), and the positive feelings this, in turn, induces in helpers.
How do people feel when they engage in prosocial behavior?
Recent evidence indicates that people around the world experiences positive feelings when they engage in social behavior.
What does competitive altruism theory suggest?
It suggests that we help others as a means of increasing our own status and reputation - and so benefit from helping in important ways.
What does kin selection theory suggest?
It suggests that we help others who are related to us because this increases the likelihood that our genes will be transmitted to future generations.
What is defensive helping?
When people have a helping behavior of reducing the threat posed by outgroups to one’s own ingroup is known as defensive helping.
What is the Bystander effect?
The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation, against a bully, or during an assault or other crime.
The greater the number of bystanders, the less likely it is for any one of them to provide help to a person in distress.
People are more likely to take action in a crisis when there are few or no other witnesses present
What is Diffusion of Responsibility?
When an emergency arises and someone in need of help, a bystander may or may not respond in a prosocial way - responses can range from apathy to heroism because of Diffusion of responsibility.
Due to this, People are less likely to help when there are many people to witness or help.
Also, this is less true for helping people who belong to the same ingroups.
What are five crucial steps taken by bystanders when faced with an Emergency?
when faced with an Emergency, a bystander’s tendency to help or not help depends in part on decisions because made at five crucial steps:
1) Pay attention and be aware that an unusual event is occurring
2) must correctly interpret the situation as an emergency
3) must assume responsibility to provide help
4) must have the required knowledge and skills to be able to act
5) In the final step, the bystander must decide to help
What is Pluralistic Ignorance?
This can prevent anyone in a group of strangers from acting, as each of them waits for cues from the others to decide on appropriate action.
Is it possible that similarity plays any role in prosocial behavior?
Yes, People are more likely to help others who are similar to themselves than those who are dissimilar.
This leads to lower tendencies to help people outside our own social groups.
How can we increase pro-social behavior in others?
By exposing people to pro-social models; also by playing pro-social video games.
How playing games increase pro-social behavior?
It increases subsequent helping by priming pro-social thoughts, building cognitive frameworks related to helping.
