Aggression

Question 1

What is aggression?

Answer 1

Aggression is the intentional infliction of harm on others.

Question 2

What are the sources of aggression?

Answer 2

Research findings indicate that it derives from many different sources, including biological factors in interaction with environmental stressors and status-seeking.

Question 3

What is the drive theory of aggression?

Answer 3

It suggests that aggression stems from externally elicited drives to harm or injure others.

Question 4

What is the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Answer 4

This suggests that frustration - anything that prevents us from reaching the goals we are seeking - leads to arousal of a drive whose primary goal is that harming some person or object - particularly the perceived cause of frustration

Question 5

What does the General Aggression Model (GAM) suggest?

Answer 5

It is a modern theory of aggression.

It recognizes the importance of learning in aggression, various eliciting input variables, individual differences, affective states, and, especially, cognitive processes.

Question 6

Does all aggression come from frustration?

Answer 6

Not all agression stems from frustration, and frustration does not always lead to aggression.

Although frustration is a strong elicitor of aggression only under certain limited conditions.

Question 7

What is another powerful elicitor for aggression?

Answer 7

Provocation from others is a powerful elicitor of aggression.

The strongest form of provocation appears to be expressions of condescension, but even teasing can stimulate aggression.

Question 8

Can teasing stimulate aggression?

Answer 8

Yes, it can.

Question 9

What is excitation transfer theory?

Answer 9

This process suggests that heightened arousal can increase aggression if it persists beyond the situation in which it was induced and is unknowingly interpreted as anger generated in the new context.

Question 10

Does playing violent video games have any relationship with aggression?

Answer 10

Yes, Playing violent video games increases aggressive cognitions, aggressive affect, and overt aggressive behavior.

Question 11

Does exposure to media violence lead to aggression?

Answer 11

Yes, Exposure to media violence has been found to increase aggression among viewers.

This is due to factors, such as the priming of aggressive thoughts and a weakening of restraints against aggression, and also to desensitization to such materials.

Question 12

Why do people enjoy playing violent video games?

Answer 12

They enjoy playing violent video games, not because of their aggressive content but because the games satisfy motives for competence and mastery.

Question 13

Are there any gender differences in aggression?

Answer 13

Existing evidence suggests that the widely accepted view that men are more aggressive than women is not entirely correct.

When gender differences emerge depends on the type of aggression and a variety of situational factors.

Studies indicate that men involve in Physical type of aggression than women. And Women involve more in Verbal aggression than men.

Question 14

When does narcissistic rage can emerge?

Answer 14

This type of rage can emerge when others question the individual’s inflated self-view.

Question 15

Just remember this.

Answer 15

Men are more likely than women to engage in physical aggression, and to both perpetrate and be victims of several forms of violent crime,

However, the two genders do not differ significantly in terms of verbal aggression, although men tend to use stronger forms of such behavior.

Question 16

How do men and women behave when given strong provocation or no provocation?

Answer 16

Following Strong provocation, both men and women are similarly likely to respond with some form of aggression.

However, men are more likely than women to behave aggressively in the absence of strong provocation.

Question 17

What kinds of aggression women are engaged in more than men?

Answer 17

Women are slightly more likely than men to engage in indirect forms of aggression - action intended to harm the victim in the absence of face-to-face confrontations

Question 18

Does temperature rise increase aggression?

Answer 18

High temperatures tend to increase aggression but only up to a point.
Beyond some level, aggression declines as temperatures rise.

Question 19

The relationship between alcohol and aggression is..

Answer 19

Consuming alcohol can increase aggression in both men and women, perhaps because alcohol reduces the individual’s capacity to process some kinds of information and inhibits self-control following provocation.

Question 20

What is the weapons effect?

Answer 20

Research on the weapons effect indicates that weapon availability can affect the intention to commit aggressive acts.

Handling a gun (versus a toy) increases aggressive behavior in males by increasing their testosterone levels

Question 21

Does owning a gun provide a protective effect?

Answer 21

Research has revealed that gun ownership does not provide a protective effect; rather living in a household with guns increases the risk of both homicide and suicide. In different countries following legislation restricting gun access, gun deaths have decreased.

Question 22

What is bullying and why does it occur?

Answer 22

Bullying involves repeated aggression against individuals who, for various reasons, are unable to defend themselves against such treatment. Bullying occurs in many contexts, including schools and workspaces

Question 23

What kind of children are bullies or victims of bullies?

Answer 23

Few children are solely bullies or victims; more play both roles.

Bullies and bully victims appear to have lower self-esteem than children who are not involved in bullying.

Question 24

What is the most successful technique so far to reduce bullying in schools?

Answer 24

The most successful technique so far is the programs using popular students as models against bullying, which serves to change the perceived norms in schools.

Question 25

What is cyberbullying?

Answer 25

Cyberbullying involves using electronic means to harm others.

Question 26

Does bullying occur other than in schools?

Answer 26

Yes, Bullying occurs in work settings as well as schools.

Abusive bosses bully their subordinates.

Question 27

What type of aggression happens at workplaces?

Answer 27

Mostly workplace aggression is more subtle and aimed at harming the victim without that person being able to identify who caused the harm.

Question 28

What can reduce aggression?

Answer 28

Punishment can be effective in reducing aggression, but only when it is delivered under certain conditions that are rarely met.

Question 29

What does the catharsis hypothesis mean?

Answer 29

The catharsis hypothesis - the view that if individuals give vent to their anger and hostility in non-harmful ways, their tendencies to engage in more dangerous types of aggression will be reduced.

Question 30

Is the catharsis hypothesis true?

Answer 30

The catharsis hypothesis appears to be mainly false. The likelihood of subsequent aggression is not reduced by engaging in apparently “safe” forms of aggression.

Question 31

What can reduce overt aggression?

Answer 31

Inducing feelings or responses incompatible with anger can sometimes reduce overt aggression.

Question 32

When is aggression more likely to occur during what type of processes?

Answer 32

Aggression is often restrained by internal self-regulatory processes.

If the cognitive resources needed by these processes are depleted, however, aggression is more likely to occur