Prosocial behavior Flashcards
What is the bystander apathy effect?
People are less likely to help in an emergency when others are present, due to diffusion of responsibility.
What is prosocial behavior?
Actions valued by society, often benefiting others, such as helping and altruism.
What are the three stages of Piliavin’s Bystander-Calculus Model?
Physiological arousal.
Labelling the arousal.
Calculating the costs of helping versus not helping.
What is the affect-as-information model?
The idea that we use our mood as a guide to how we feel about situations, influencing helping behavior.
What is the empathy-altruism hypothesis?
People help others due to genuine concern for their well-being (empathic concern) or to alleviate their own distress (personal distress).
What is the privacy regulation theory?
People’s ideal level of privacy fluctuates over time, influenced by their environment and personal needs.
What is the mere exposure hypothesis?
Repeated exposure to someone or something increases attraction.
What is the similarity-attraction hypothesis?
People are attracted to those who share similar beliefs, values, and demographic traits.
What are the key determinants of attraction?
Physical characteristics: Symmetry, average features, maturity.
Similarity to self.
Complementary characteristics.
Reciprocity.
What is balance theory?
People strive for consistency in their thoughts and social relationships, favoring those who agree with them
Describe Latané and Darley’s (1968) cognitive model of helping.
Notice the incident.
Interpret it as an emergency.
Assume responsibility.
Decide how to help.
How does competence affect helping behavior?
People with higher perceived competence are more likely to help.
What factors influence recipient-centered helping?
Similarity: More likely to help those like us.
Attractiveness: Attractive individuals receive more help.
Perceived responsibility: Help is more likely when the need is seen as beyond the recipient’s control.
