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Need to Know > pros need to know > Flashcards

pros need to know Flashcards

1
Q

what is the vibrating line?

A

junction between the hard palate and soft palate

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2
Q

what is the occlusal plane?

A
  • horizontal surface occupied by upper teeth
  • extends from tip of mesioincisal edge of upper central incisor to tip of mesiobuccal cusp of upper 1st molar on each side
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3
Q

what is the neutral zone?

A

a specific area where the function of the musculature will not unseat the denture and where forces generated by the tonque are neutralised by the forces generated by the lips and cheeks

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4
Q

how is denture stability achieved?

A
  • by making sure the peripheries of denture are extended to the right depth
  • by making sure the occlusion is balanced
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5
Q

what is the occlusal rim?

A

a wax structure with occluding surfaces attached to denture bases

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6
Q

what is an occlusal rim used for?

A
  • used for recording the relation of the maxilla to the mandible
  • positioning the teeth
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7
Q

which articulator is preferred for use?

A

fixed condylar articulator

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8
Q

why are non arcon articulators inaccurate?

A
  • condylar inclination changes as articulator is open
  • can lead to inaccuracies when a protrusive record is being used to determine articulator settings
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9
Q

why would you need to rebase and reline a denture?

A
  • bone resorption
  • multiple denture fractures
  • denture base deterioration
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10
Q

what features should be present on maxillary definitive impressions?

A
  • tuberosity
  • hamular notch
  • extension anterior to the vibrating line for post dam
  • functional depth and width of sulcus to create a food peripheral seal and ensure hard palate and residual ridge are functional for primary support
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11
Q

what features should be present on a mandibular definitive impression?

A
  • coverage of pear-shaped pad and buccal shelf
  • retro-molar pad and extension into the lingual pouch should occur
  • functional width and depth of the sulcus
  • ensure there is area of primary support of buccal shelf and retromolar pad
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12
Q

what general features should be present on definitive impressions?

A
  • ensure denture bearing areas are covered
  • ensure there is good functional sulcus present
  • ensure there is good surface detail with no air blows
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13
Q

what indicates the posterior border of the maxillary denture?

A
  • post dam- sits 1-2mm anterior of vibrating line
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14
Q

where should a maxillary denture sit in order to creat a good posterior seal?

A
  • at the level of the hamular notch-located between distal surface of tuberosity and hamular process of medial pterygoid plate of maxilla
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15
Q

what impression materials are used for primary impressions?

A

impression compound
alginate

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16
Q

describe the use of impression compound for primary impressions

A
  • non-elastic material which records poorer surface detail
  • expensive and can be messy
  • good for primary due to high mucocompressive viscosity
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17
Q

describe the use of alginate for primary impressions

A
  • elastic material- will flow into undercuts
  • can record surface detail for primarys
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18
Q

what impression materials are used for master impressions?

A
  • silicone
  • polyether/impregum
  • alginate
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19
Q

describe the use of silicone for master impressions

A
  • dimensionally stable
  • can be made into a variety of consistencies which means it accurately records surface detail
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20
Q

describe the use of polyether/impregum for master impressions

A
  • dimensionally stable
  • can be made into a variety of consistencies which means it accurately records surface detail
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21
Q

describe the use of alginate for master impressions

A

elastic- can flow into undercuts if they are present

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22
Q

what is the Watt and Macgregor’s Biometric guide?

A
  • one of the methods of designing complete dentures
  • it uses the remnat of the lingual gingival margin in the bucco-lingual placement of prosthetic teeth
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23
Q

what material would you use in a special tray with a 3mm spacer?

A

alginate

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24
Q

how big should the spacers be in special trays for use of silicone/polyether impression material?

A

2mm for upper
0.5-1mm for lower

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25
Q

what is the purpose of stops to the space prescribed in the canine and post dam regions of upper trays?

A

to allow correction of the posterior borders of the tray and will perform space for the impression material

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26
Q

where should stops be placed to the space provided on lower trays in order to allow preformed space for the impression material?

A
  • retromolar pad
  • ridge of the canine areas
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27
Q

why is silicone not used for primary impressions?

A
  • dimensionally stable and hydrophobic- can cause small defects and blows
  • very messy and technique sensitive
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28
Q

what muscles lie adjacent to the retro-molar pad?

A
  • laterally- buccinator
  • posteriorly- temporalis tendon
  • medially- superior constrictor and pterygomandibular raphe
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29
Q

when applying Watt and Macgregor’s biometric guides, what anatomical feature is used as the fixed reference point?

A
  • the positional relation to the central incisors which are 8-10mm anterior to the incisive papilla
    *
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30
Q

what is the average horizontal bone loss for the fixed reference point in central incisors?

A

6.3mm

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31
Q

what is the average horizontal bone loss for the fixed reference point in canines?

A

8.5mm

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32
Q

what is the average horizontal bone loss for the fixed reference point in premolars?

A

10mm

33
Q

what is the average horizontal bone loss for the fixed reference point in molars?

A

12.8mm

34
Q

what information should be recorded on to a record block?

A
  • the OVD
  • the centre line
  • the occlusal plane
  • high lip line
  • canine line
  • arch form
35
Q

name 2 thermal properties of acrylic dentures

A

low thermal conductivity
high softening temperature of the acrylic

36
Q

why is low thermal conductivity in acrylic dentures important?

A

because the denture base would not be able to transmit heat that well to the palate
patient less sensitive to the temperature of fluid/food
advise patient to be careful to not scald the back of their throat

37
Q

why is high softening temperature of acrylic dentures important?

A

tolerant to hot food and drinks
must tell patient not to clean denture with boiling water

38
Q

what provides retention for dentures?

A

accurate fit - as little space as possible between denture base and mucosa
border seal- extending flanges to the depth of functional sulcus and incorporation of post dam

39
Q

what anatomical features healp identify where the posterior border should be placed for the upper denture?

A

hanular notch
vibrating line
palatine fovea

40
Q

what impression materials would you use for an edentulous pt on the mandibular arch?

A

primary- alginate/impression compund
definitive- alginate/polyether/silicone

41
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of denture induced stomatitis?

A

inflamed mucosa, particularly under upper denture
burning sensation
discomfort
bad taste

42
Q

explain cawood and howell classification

A

1 - before extraction
2 - after extraction
3 - high well rounded ridge
4 - Knife edge shaped ridge
5 - Low well rounded ridge
6 - Depressed Bone level

43
Q

what is the primary support area for maxillary dentures

A

hard palate

44
Q

what is the secondary support area for maxillary dentures

A

ridge crest

45
Q

what are two areas in a maxillary denture that may require relief

A

midline suture
incisive papilla
lingual frenum

46
Q

what part of the maxilla does not contribute support

A

denture border

47
Q

what are the primary support areas in lower dentures

A

buccal shelf and pear shaped pad

48
Q

what are the secondary support areas in lower dentures

A

ridge crest and genial tubercles

49
Q

what areas may need relief in lower dentures

A

lingual ridge incline and mylohyoid ridge

50
Q

what areas of lower mucosa do not contribute to denture support

A

labial ridge incline

51
Q

define retention in Pros

A

the resistance to displacement of the denture away form the ridge

52
Q

define stability in pros

A

ability for the denture to resist displacement by dunctional stresses

53
Q

what materials can be used to modify trays

A

soft red wax
greenstick - small additions to tray best
putty - hard to use
impression compound

54
Q

label from left to right and explain

A

labial sulcus - overextension causes denture to look bulky

incisive papilla - may need to relieve here due to underlying nerves , indicates where teeth have been

buccal frenum - in premolar area, connects to cheek

palatine raphe - midline of denture, tissue tight

tuberosity - most distal extension of maxilla

vibrating line - junction of hard and soft palate

palatine foveae - dimples in soft palate behind vibrating line

hamular notch - junction of maxilla to hamular process, overextension causes ulceration

buccal sulcus - overextension loses muscle balance, under-extended loses peripheral seal and makes unretentive

palatine rugae - lumps in palate

labial frenum - muscle attachment to midline, may need relieved

55
Q

label from left to right and explain

A

labial sulcus

lingual frenum - attachment to tongue

buccal sulcus - overextension loses muscle balance, under-extended loses peripheral seal and makes unretentive

retromolar pad - most distal extension of mandible, rest denture as far back as possible here

buccal shelf - primary support area, make sure denture extended as far back as this

lingual sulcus - mylohyoid ridge here and may cause discomfort

buccal frenum

labial frenum

56
Q

what should the extension of master impressions be and why

A

2mm short of sulcus depth to allow border moulding

57
Q

what thickness of spacer is required for alginate

A

3mm

58
Q

what thickness of spacer is required for silicone elastomers

A

2mm

59
Q

what stage is not required for replica dentures

A

registraion

60
Q

what is FWS and what is the ideal space

A

FWS = RVD - OVD

2-4mm

61
Q

what impression material is used for masters on replica dentures

A

light body silicone

62
Q

what material is used to make special trays

A

light cured acrylic resin

63
Q

define mucocompression

A

Pressure is applied to the mucosa so that the shape of the tissues under load is recorded

64
Q

define mucostasis

A
  • minimum pressure is applied to the tissues to record at rest
65
Q

what are the steps of jaw reg

A
  • adjust upper bloc for retention
  • adjust lower block for retention
  • adjust upper block for occlusal planes
  • lower tooth position and horizontal jaw relationship
  • measure vertical dimension and establish face height
  • select shade and mould

UPPER CORRECT BEFORE LOWER

66
Q

what do you assess for patients current denture

A

L - lip support, nasiolabial angle 90 degrees
I - Incisal Level
M - midline, use middle of nose
B - buccal corridor, space in corners of mouth, taper towards back
O - occlusal plane, interpupillary line and ala-tragus line

67
Q

how do you record the bite

A

jaw registration paste - jetbite
soft wax and patient bites onto it

68
Q

what is the role of mould liners for dentures

A
  • reduce porosity
  • easier for deflasking to be carried out
69
Q

why do you keep dentures moist

A
  • prevent denture becoming brittle
  • prevent warping/altered shape
70
Q

when would you use impression compound

A

primary impressions on edentulous patients

71
Q

why is alginate more suitable than silicone for 3mm spacing

A
  • alginate is mucostatic
  • silicone is mucocompressive and likely to tear and not effective if undercuts present
72
Q

what is another name for master impressions

A

secondary impressions
definitive impressions

73
Q

what part of the mandible affects maxillary impressions

A

coronoid notch

74
Q

what provides retention for dentures

A

accurate fit - little space between denture base and mucosa
border seal - extending flanges to depth of functional sulcus and incorporation of post dam

75
Q

what are records required for mounting casts on a semi adjustable or average value articulator

A

face bow
inter occlusal record on the retruded axis

76
Q

what is the value of the sagittal condylar guidance which can be used in an articulator

A

30 degrees

77
Q

what is the terminal hinge axis

A

when the condyles of the mandible are in their most superior and posterior position in the glenoid fossa

78
Q

why is the retruded contact position important

A

it is the initial point of tooth contact during mandibular closure

it is used as a reference point for mounting casts on an articulator

Need to Know (21 decks)

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