Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Flashcards
what are the 4 principles of PNF
- apply max resistance throughout the ROM
- use as many combinations of movement patterns as possible to promote action to occur at 2 or more joints simultaneously
- motion should be performed first in the strongest portion of the range
- quick stretch applied to groups of muscles especially synergists for greater proprioceptive stimulus
what cues can be given to add additional proprioceptive inputs
- visual (follow movements with eyes)
- verbal (auditory)
- tactile (sensory and proprioceptive)
progression for PNF
PROM –> AAROM –> AROM –> resisted movement
what are the 4 theoretical physiological mechanisms for PNF
- autogenic inhibition
- reciprocal inhibition
- irridatiation/overflow/cross education
- joint facilitation via approximation/traction to joints
what is autogentic inhibition
- contract - relax technique
- goal: increase joint ROM and lengthen soft tissue
- inhibitory reflex of alpha motor neurons of the agonist due to stimulus of GTOs
- contraction of the agonist muscles when moving into range limitation
what is reciprocal inhibition
- hold-relax
- goal: increase joint ROM and lengthen soft tissue
- decreased activity of the antagonist when agonist is active
- targets muscle spindles
- contraction of the antagonist muscle in the opposite direction of desired range of facilitation
what is irradiation/overflow/cross education
- application of maximal resistance to the stronger body part or movement pattern elicits/augments response of weaker muscle groups or patterns
- magnitude of response depends on the intensity and duration of the resistance
- timing of the application along with gradation of resistance
what is joint approximation
- compression of a joint
- increase muscular co-contraction
- promotes stability in WB
what is joint traction
- elongation of body segment
- facilitates muscular response
- promotes movement
- applied in direction away from axis of motion
what are the 2 inhibitory techniques
what are the 2 facilitation techniques
- Inhibitory: autogenic inhibition, reciprocal inhibition
- facilitation: irradiation/overflow/cross education, approximation/traction
each movement pattern is composed of 3-component motions, what are they
flexion or extension
toward or away from the body
rotation
what is diagonal/multiple planes of movement important
we do not move in straight linear patterns, we work in diagonal patterns
how are extremity movement patterns named
named by the movement occurring at the proximal joint
shoulder movements D1 flexion
add, flexion, ER
shoulder movements D1 extension
abd, IR, ext
shoulder D2 flexion
flex, ER, abd
shoulder D2 extension
ext, IR, add
hip D1 flexion
flex, ER, add
hip D1 extension
ext, IR, abd
hip D2 flexion
flexion, abd, IR
hip D2 extension
ext, add, ER
what position are the muscles in at the start of each position
lengthened
what position are muscles in as they move through the available ROM
shortened
what are the 4 stages of Rood’s Stage of Motor Control
Mobility
Stability
Controlled Mobility
Skill
