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320 Motor Control > Proprioception > Flashcards

Proprioception Flashcards

1
Q

limb position sense

A

knowing the position of a joint or joints - “static” position

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2
Q

kinesthesia

A

joint movement - “dynamic”

information about movement speed, direction

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3
Q

proprio more sensitive in active or passive movement?

A

active

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4
Q

What receptors contribute to proprioception

A

joint receptors
stretch receptors
cutaneous receptors

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5
Q

Where are joint receptors

A

joint capsule, ligaments

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6
Q

receptors - rapidly adapting response to movement

A

golgi-mazzoni corpuscle

paciniform corpuscle

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7
Q

receptors - slowly adapting response to stretch

A

golgi organ

ruffini ending

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8
Q

receptors - free nerve ending

A

nociceptor

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9
Q

Are joint receptors more active in extreme range of joint rotation?

A

Yes

“limit” detectors, possible protective function

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10
Q

What are two muscle receptors

A

Muscle spindles

GTOs

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11
Q

How are muscle spindles arranged

A

in parallel with muscle fibers

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12
Q

How are GTOs arranged

A

in series with muscle fibers

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13
Q

What do muscle spindles monitor

A

information about joint position

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14
Q

What do GTOs monitor

A

force produced by muscles

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15
Q

Muscle spindle structure

A

Intrafusal fibers (contractile and non-contractile, bag/chain fibers, dynamic and static responses)

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16
Q

Motor axons (efferent) of muscle spindle structure

A
  • gamma fibers
  • aka fusimotor system
  • regulate activity of muscle spindle
17
Q

Does motor axon maintain or increase sensitivity of spindle?

A

Yes both

18
Q

Static gamma motor axon innervates

A

Static nuclear bag fiber and nuclear chain fibers

19
Q

Dynamic gamma motor axon innervates

A

Dynamic nuclear bag fiber

20
Q

Golgi Tendon Organ exists at what junction

A

musculotendinous junction

21
Q

How does GTO sense tension

A

“pull” on collagen fibers (due to muscle contraction or lengthening) leads to afferent fiber discharge

22
Q

What increases afferent firing of spindle

A

stretch muscle

“loading” of spindle

23
Q

What decreases afferent firing of spindle

A

contract muscle

“unloading” of spindle

24
Q

What is primary ending

A

Ia, dynamic

25
Q

What is secondary ending

A

II, static

26
Q

Are Ia spindles sensitive to rate of change in muscle length

A

Yes

27
Q

What do Ia afferents code

A

muscle length and velocity of muscle stretch

28
Q

Extension(mm) versus Discharge rate(spikes/sec)

A

positive relationship, both primary and secondary

29
Q

What does dynamic response of Ia spindles mean

A

increase in firing related to speed at which muscle is being stretched
steady state firing after stretch has occurred reflects “new” muscle length

30
Q

Does group II only code for muscle length

A

yes

31
Q

Does fusimotor system maintain muscle spindle sensitivity?

A

yes

32
Q

How does fusimotor increase muscle spindle sensitivity

A

gamma efferent innervation increases spindle firing when muscle contracts (shortens) and spindles become unloaded, and also when stretched

33
Q

alpha-gamma coactivation

A

both alpha and gamma motorneurons
maintain muscle spindle sensitivity during muscle shortening
effectiveness dependent upon speed of muscular contraction
typically occurs whenever movement is generated

34
Q

when does uncoupling happen

A

when CNS rely more on lengthening muscle to provide feedback
independent control of alpha and gamma efferent
(cat pic) set at different levels for different behavior

35
Q

Example of deafferentation studies

A

sensory neuropathies

36
Q

How does exercise affect proprioception

A

disturbed by exercise

related to fatigue, muscle soreness (pain)

37
Q

Specific false position sense by exercise

A

knee exercise: perceived to be more flexed

elbow exercise: perceived to be more extended

38
Q

Changes in proprioception following eccentric exercise

A

position sense
force sense
movement detection thresholds

320 Motor Control (8 decks)

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