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320 Motor Control > Cerebellar Control of Movement > Flashcards

Cerebellar Control of Movement Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of brain volume does the cerebellum take?

A

10%

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2
Q

What percentage of brain neurons does the cerebellum take?

A

50%

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3
Q

T/F: cerebellum directly controls posture and regulation of movement

A

False. Regulation of movements and INDIRECT control of posture

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4
Q

T/F: cerebellum not essential for muscle contraction

A

True.

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5
Q

What happens when cerebellum is damaged?

A

loss of motor coordination

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6
Q

Purpose of convoluted structure of cerebellum

A

to accommodate a large surface area

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7
Q

Paleocerebellum

A

anterior lobe

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8
Q

Neocerebellum

A

Posterior lobe

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9
Q

Archicerebellum

A

Flocculonodular lobe

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10
Q

What separates anterior and posterior lobes?

A

Primary fissure

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11
Q

What separates superior and inferior semilunar lobules?

A

Horizontal fissure

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12
Q

What separates posterior and flocculonodular lobes?

A

paraflocculus and posterolateral fissure

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13
Q

Two longitudinal grooves

A

vermis (medial)

hemispheres: intermediate, lateral

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14
Q

somatotopy

A

when a specific part of the body is associated with a distinct location in the CNS

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15
Q

Cellular organization of cerebellar cortex (5 and 3)

A

5 different types of neurons and 3 distinct cell layers

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16
Q

cerebellar cortex input: output ratio

A

40:1

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17
Q

T/F: integration of large amounts of information happens in cerebellar cortex

A

True

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18
Q

Three cell layers of CB cortex

A

Molecular layer
purkinje layer
granular layer

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19
Q

five neuron types of CB cortex

A 
Basket cell
Stellate cell
Purkinje cell
Granule cell
Golgi cell
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20
Q

Inputs to cerebellum

A

Mossy fibers

Climbing fibers

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21
Q

What sends info from brainstem and spinal cord via (probably) spinocerebellar tract?

A

Mossy fibers

22
Q

What sends info from medulla (inferior olive)?

A

climbing fibers

23
Q

What influences purkinje cell indirectly via interneurons (granule cells +) (need summation for APs in P cell)?

A

Mossy fibers

24
Q

What directly synapses on purkinje cell?

A

Climbing fibers

25
Q

What has very powerful synapse – 1 AP in this fiber = large EPSP = AP?

A

Climbing fibers

26
Q

Functional divisions of the cerebellum

A

vestibulocerebellum
spinocerebellum
cerebrocerebellum

27
Q

functional subdivisions of the spinocerebellar and cerebrocerebellar regions

A

vermis
intermediate hemisphere
lateral hemisphere

28
Q

motor execution

A

vermis -> fastigial nucleus -> to medial descending systems

intermediate hemisphere -> interposed nucleus -> to lateral descending systems

29
Q

motor planning

A

cerebrocerebellum -> dentate nucleus -> to motor and premotor cortices

30
Q

balance and eye movements

A

vestibulocerebellum -> to vestibular nuclei

31
Q

location receiving corticopontine inputs

A

cerebrocerebellum (lateral hemisphere)

vestibulocerebellum

32
Q

location receiving spinal and trigeminal inputs

A

spinocerebellum (vermis and intermediate hemisphere)

33
Q

what does efferent signals go from fastigial nucleus?

A
  1. brainstem -> spinal cord

2. cerebral cortex -> spinal cord

34
Q

what does vermis control

A

axial and proximal muscles involved in posture (balance), gait

35
Q

intermediate hemispheres pathway

A

interpositus nucleus -> brainstem/cerebral cortex -> spinal cord

36
Q

what is the comparator function of the cerebellum

A

update and correct for errors in ongoing movement using efferent copy of motor output to cb
- compare actual with desired movement

37
Q

pathway going to cerebrocerebellum

A

cerebral cortex -> brain stem -> cerebrocerebellum

38
Q

pathway exiting cerebrocerebellum

A

dentate nucleus -> thalamus -> cerebral cortex

39
Q

role of cerebrocerebellum in movement

A

initiation
planning
timing
(setting up of “motor commands” responsible for coordinated movement)

40
Q

what will happen if dentate is destroyed (lesions)?

A

delayed movement onset
dysmetria
disorders in spatial coordination of hand and finger muscles

41
Q

why the results of dentate lesions?
(delayed movement onset
dysmetria
disorders in spatial coordination of hand and finger muscles)

A

all due to improperly timed muscle activity

42
Q

What do pts with cb lesions lack in the Prism adaptation studies?

A

motor adaptation

43
Q

T/F: contralateral symptoms are produced in cerebellar dysfunction

A

False. Cerebellar dysfunction produces ipsilateral symptoms

44
Q

Clinical symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction (7)

A
  1. Balance disorders
  2. ataxia (dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, decomposition of movement)
  3. hypotonia
  4. intention tremor
  5. gait problems
  6. eye movement disorders
  7. dysarthria
45
Q

what does ataxia have problems in

A

rate, range, and direction of movement

46
Q

potential reason of overshooting in hypermetria

A

poor timing of antagonist muscle

47
Q

what is muscle tone like in hypotonia, why?

A

low muscle tone possibly due to a decrease in gamma drive

48
Q

what is muscle tone

A

passive resistance to muscle stretch, role of gamma system

49
Q

T/F: muscle tone involves stretch reflex

A

True

50
Q

what is intention tremor

A

involuntary oscillations seen during movement

may be superimposed on dysmetric movements

51
Q

dysarthria

A

speech impairment

52
Q

CB dysfunction vs Parkinson’s

A

CB: -vvvvv-

Parkinson’s: vvv——-vvv

320 Motor Control (8 decks)

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