Proprioception

Question 1

_______ comprise the main bulk of
skeletal muscle, which generate force during
muscle contraction

Answer 1

extrafusal fibers

Question 2

each extrafusal fiber is part of a motor unit that is

innervated by a particular ______

Answer 2

alpha motor neuron

Question 3

level of activation of each extrafusal fiber
is determined by the ______ it
receives from the alpha motor neuron

Answer 3

strength of signaling

Question 4

strength of signaling from alpha motor

neurons is determined through _______of the multiple inputs

Answer 4

synaptic

integration

Question 5

the functional state of a muscle is dependent on what two properties

Answer 5

length and active tension

Question 6

_____ determines joint angles

and/or angles of joint rotation

Answer 6

muscle length

Question 7

_____ provides counteracting
force against the external load to stabilize
joint positions

Answer 7

active tension

Question 8

A functional state of a muscle, reflects a ______ between muscle activation, and load against the muscle

Answer 8

continuous interaction

Question 9

Determined by the accumulation of signals (excitatory/inhibitory) that provide input to alpha motor neurons innervating the the muscle

Answer 9

level of muscle activation

Question 10

To establish proper length and tension of a muscle requires sensory awareness that is provide by what kind of peripheral receptor

Answer 10

proprioceptive receptors

Question 11

What are the two proprioceptors in muscles

Answer 11

Muscle Spindles

Golgi Tendon Organ

Question 12

Intrafusal muscles are innervated by what kind of neuron

Answer 12

gamma motor neuron

Question 13

Golgi tendon are located where

Answer 13

in muscle tendons

Question 14

Reports muscle length and changes in length

Answer 14

Muscle splindles

Question 15

What depolarizes muscle spindle fibers

Answer 15

stretching of the muscle

Question 16

_____ from the sensory neurons is proportional to the amount of stretch

Answer 16

rate of firing

Question 17

What are the two different types of intrafusal fibers found with muscle spindles

Answer 17

Nuclear bag fibers

Nuclear Chain fibers

Question 18

Large diameter, myelinated, fast conducting afferent fibers

Answer 18

Type Ia

Question 19

Intermediate diameter, meylinated, relatively fast conduction afferent

Answer 19

Type II

Question 20

____ fibers are slowly adapting and mainly report static length

Answer 20

Type II

Question 21

____ fibers are rapidly adapting and mainly report changes in length

Answer 21

Type Ia

Question 22

_____ modulates the sensitivity of muscle spindles to length and changes in length

Answer 22

Fusimotor system

Question 23

Respond to dynamic phase of stretch

Answer 23

Dynamic gamma mot neurons

Question 24

Respond to static phase of stretch

Answer 24

Static gamma motor neurons

Question 25

What happens if a muscle spindle becomes unloaded

Answer 25

muscle spindles may stop signaling

Question 26

Why is co-activation of gamma and alpha motoneurons needed

Answer 26

to prevent muscle spindles from becoming unloaded

Question 27

What enhances the stimulus of the muscle

Answer 27

Fusimotor system

Question 28

Reports force and tension generated by muscle

Answer 28

Golgi tendon organ

Question 29

Golgi tendon organs give rise to what kind of afferent fibers

Answer 29

Type Ib afferent fibers

Question 30

Output from the golgi tendon organ is____ in proportion to the amount of stretch to the nerve ending

Answer 30

Graded

Question 31

Muscle spindles and golgi tendon organ provide input for what reflexes

Answer 31

spinal motor reflexes

Question 32

A stereotypic motor response to a particular sensory input

Answer 32

Motor Reflex

Question 33

____ reflex in response to input from muscle spindles

Answer 33

Myotatic reflex

Question 34

____ reflex in response to input from Golgi tendon organs

Answer 34

Inverse myotatic reflex

Question 35

The myotatic reflex provides ____ inputs to alpha motor neurons in response to muscle lengthening

Answer 35

Excitatory inputs

Question 36

Reflex contributes to stabilization of muscle length by activating muscle shortening

Answer 36

Myotatic reflex

Question 37

The inverse myotatic reflex provides ____ inputs to alpha motor neurons in response to increase in muscle tension

Answer 37

inhibitory inputs

Question 38

Reflex contributes to stabilization of muscle tension by releasing muscle tension

Answer 38

inverse myotatic reflex

Question 39

The sensory feedback provided by myotatic and inverse myotatic reflexes serve to create balance between what?

Answer 39

Agonists and antagonists muscle pairs

Question 40

______ innervation contributes to appropriate balancing between agonist and antagonists

Answer 40

Reciprocal innervation