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Neurophysiology test 3 (Final) > Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

T/F all of the efferent outflow from the basal ganglia is inhibitory.

A

True

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2
Q

All efferent neurons from the basal ganglia are found in what two areas

A

Globus Pallidus

Substantia nigra par reticularis

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3
Q

Outflow from the Globus pallidus is directed where?

A

Thalamic nuclei

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4
Q

Outflow from the Globus pallidus is has what effect on the thalamus

A

suppresses stimulation from the thalamus to the motor centers

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5
Q

Outflow from the substantia nigra is directed where?

A

Superior Colliculus

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6
Q

Lessens the efferent outflow from the basal ganglia to the motor cortex

A

Direct pathway

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7
Q

Strengthens the efferent outflow from the basal ganglia to the motor cortex

A

Indirect pathway

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8
Q

Inhibitory neurons in the striatum are stimulated by ____

A

Cortical inputs

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9
Q

Provides selective disinhibition of thalamocortical circuits

A

direct pathway

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10
Q

___ receptors strengthen the responsiveness of neurons that feed into the direct pathway

A

D1 receptors

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11
Q

___ receptors lessens the responsiveness of neurons that feed into the indirect pathway

A

D2 receptors

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12
Q

Dopaminergic neurons within the basal ganglia serve to modulate the responsiveness of ______ nerurons to cortical inputs

A

striatal neurons

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13
Q

Important in initiation of a movement plan and motor learning

A

Basal ganglia

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14
Q

The Cerebellum receives what kind of information

A

senorimotor information from the cerebral cortex and

peripheral sensory information reporting on movement

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15
Q

Information from the cerebrum to the cerebellum flow through what two nuclei

A

Pontine nuclei

inferior olive

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16
Q

What kind of information doe the cerebellum get from the spinocerebellum

A

somatosensory and proprioceptive information

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17
Q

Vestibular information goes from the vestibular nuclei to the cerebellum via ____

A

Vestibulocerebellum

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18
Q

The efferents from the cerebellar cortex project to what two nuclei

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei and to the vestibular nuclei

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19
Q

Tract that contributes to motor planning by projecting to the pre-motor cortex

A

Cerebrocerebellum

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20
Q

Tract that contributes to motor execution by projecting to motor cortex and brain stem

A

spinocerebellum

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21
Q

Tract that projects to the vestibulocerebellumm to contribute to balance and vestiubulo-ocular reflex

A

Vestibulocerebellum

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22
Q

Where does integration and processing of inputs take place in the cerebellum

A

Cerebellar cortex

23
Q

Information to the Cerebellum Feeds into _____ which carry efferent signal out from the cortex

A

Purkinje cells

24
Q

Efferent outflow from purkinje cells is ____ to neurons with in the deep nuclie

A

inhibitory

25
Q

Purkinje cells project in what plane

A

Sagittal

26
Q

Input is fed into the purkinje cells via what two ways

A

Climbing fibers or granule cell projections

27
Q

Granule cells receive excitatory inputs from what kind of fibers?

A

Mossy fibers

28
Q

Granule cells project to what cells

A

Purkinje cells

29
Q

Mossy fibers originate from where

A

pontine nuclei

30
Q

Mossy fibers carry what kind of information to purkinje cells

A

sensorimotor and motor plan information from the cerebral cortex

Sensory information from spinal cord and vestibular nuclei

31
Q

Climbing fibers originate from where?

A

inferior olivary nucleus

32
Q

Climbing fibers carry what kind of information to purkinje cells

A

information form cerebral cortex, reticular formation and spinal cord

33
Q

Responsiveness of purkinje cells to mossy fibers is modulated by what two inhibitory interneurons

A

stellate cells and basket cells

34
Q

Inhibitory interneuron that projects across a row of purkinje cells

A

basket cells

35
Q

Inhibitory interneuron that projects in all directions but is more focused on a localized group of purkinje cells

A

Stellate cells

36
Q

Modulate the the frequency of the long trains of action potentials from purkinje cells

A

Mossy fibers

37
Q

Interrupt the steady frequency generated by purkinje cells by adding complex spikes

A

Climbing fibers

38
Q

Mossy and climbing fibers inputs are modulated through ____ cirucuits

A

Recurrent loop circuits

39
Q

Modulate mossy fiber inputs by creating a recurrent loop with granule cells

A

golgi cells

40
Q

Modulate climbing fiber inputs by creating a recurrent loop with the inferior olivary nucleus

A

deep cerebellar nuclie that releases inhibitory GABA

41
Q

Cerebrocerebellum recieves input from the cerebral cortext through ____ nuclei

A

Pontine nuclei

42
Q

Output from the cerebrocerebellum ges through the _____ nucleus

A

Dentate nucleus

43
Q

From the dentate nucleus, axons are sent to two locations

A

Contralateral ventrolateral thalamus

Contralateral red nucleus

44
Q

_____ provides corrective control over body and limb movements

A

spinocerebellum

45
Q

Tract that sends a copy of the information sent to the effector muscles, to the spinocerebellum during motion

A

Ventral spinocerebellar tract

46
Q

Tract that reports to the spinocerebellum about muscle and joint receptors, regardless of activity

A

Dorsal spinocerebellar tract

47
Q

The spinocerebellum takes information from ____ and ____ tracts and compares the inputs to make corrections during movements

A

Ventral and dorsal spinocerebellar tracts

48
Q

Control eye movements and coordinate movement of the head and eyes

A

Medial vestibular nucleus

49
Q

Control axial muscles and limb extensors to maintain balance

A

Lateral vestibular nucleus

50
Q

What kind of cerebellar fibers are associated with motor learning

A

Climbing fibers

51
Q

In cases of cerebellar disease what are the three deficits that can arise

A

Hypertonia
ataxia
intention tremor

52
Q

Diminished resistance to passive limb displacement (over shooting, excessive rebound)

A

Hypertonia

53
Q

delay in initiation of movement; errors in range and force

A

Ataxia

54
Q

Errors in position, especially at the end of movements

A

Intention tremor

Neurophysiology test 3 (Final) (7 decks)

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