Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia Flashcards
T/F all of the efferent outflow from the basal ganglia is inhibitory.
True
All efferent neurons from the basal ganglia are found in what two areas
Globus Pallidus
Substantia nigra par reticularis
Outflow from the Globus pallidus is directed where?
Thalamic nuclei
Outflow from the Globus pallidus is has what effect on the thalamus
suppresses stimulation from the thalamus to the motor centers
Outflow from the substantia nigra is directed where?
Superior Colliculus
Lessens the efferent outflow from the basal ganglia to the motor cortex
Direct pathway
Strengthens the efferent outflow from the basal ganglia to the motor cortex
Indirect pathway
Inhibitory neurons in the striatum are stimulated by ____
Cortical inputs
Provides selective disinhibition of thalamocortical circuits
direct pathway
___ receptors strengthen the responsiveness of neurons that feed into the direct pathway
D1 receptors
___ receptors lessens the responsiveness of neurons that feed into the indirect pathway
D2 receptors
Dopaminergic neurons within the basal ganglia serve to modulate the responsiveness of ______ nerurons to cortical inputs
striatal neurons
Important in initiation of a movement plan and motor learning
Basal ganglia
The Cerebellum receives what kind of information
senorimotor information from the cerebral cortex and
peripheral sensory information reporting on movement
Information from the cerebrum to the cerebellum flow through what two nuclei
Pontine nuclei
inferior olive
What kind of information doe the cerebellum get from the spinocerebellum
somatosensory and proprioceptive information
Vestibular information goes from the vestibular nuclei to the cerebellum via ____
Vestibulocerebellum
The efferents from the cerebellar cortex project to what two nuclei
Deep cerebellar nuclei and to the vestibular nuclei
Tract that contributes to motor planning by projecting to the pre-motor cortex
Cerebrocerebellum
Tract that contributes to motor execution by projecting to motor cortex and brain stem
spinocerebellum
Tract that projects to the vestibulocerebellumm to contribute to balance and vestiubulo-ocular reflex
Vestibulocerebellum
Where does integration and processing of inputs take place in the cerebellum
Cerebellar cortex
Information to the Cerebellum Feeds into _____ which carry efferent signal out from the cortex
Purkinje cells
Efferent outflow from purkinje cells is ____ to neurons with in the deep nuclie
inhibitory
Purkinje cells project in what plane
Sagittal
Input is fed into the purkinje cells via what two ways
Climbing fibers or granule cell projections
Granule cells receive excitatory inputs from what kind of fibers?
Mossy fibers
Granule cells project to what cells
Purkinje cells
Mossy fibers originate from where
pontine nuclei
Mossy fibers carry what kind of information to purkinje cells
sensorimotor and motor plan information from the cerebral cortex
Sensory information from spinal cord and vestibular nuclei
Climbing fibers originate from where?
inferior olivary nucleus
Climbing fibers carry what kind of information to purkinje cells
information form cerebral cortex, reticular formation and spinal cord
Responsiveness of purkinje cells to mossy fibers is modulated by what two inhibitory interneurons
stellate cells and basket cells
Inhibitory interneuron that projects across a row of purkinje cells
basket cells
Inhibitory interneuron that projects in all directions but is more focused on a localized group of purkinje cells
Stellate cells
Modulate the the frequency of the long trains of action potentials from purkinje cells
Mossy fibers
Interrupt the steady frequency generated by purkinje cells by adding complex spikes
Climbing fibers
Mossy and climbing fibers inputs are modulated through ____ cirucuits
Recurrent loop circuits
Modulate mossy fiber inputs by creating a recurrent loop with granule cells
golgi cells
Modulate climbing fiber inputs by creating a recurrent loop with the inferior olivary nucleus
deep cerebellar nuclie that releases inhibitory GABA
Cerebrocerebellum recieves input from the cerebral cortext through ____ nuclei
Pontine nuclei
Output from the cerebrocerebellum ges through the _____ nucleus
Dentate nucleus
From the dentate nucleus, axons are sent to two locations
Contralateral ventrolateral thalamus
Contralateral red nucleus
_____ provides corrective control over body and limb movements
spinocerebellum
Tract that sends a copy of the information sent to the effector muscles, to the spinocerebellum during motion
Ventral spinocerebellar tract
Tract that reports to the spinocerebellum about muscle and joint receptors, regardless of activity
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
The spinocerebellum takes information from ____ and ____ tracts and compares the inputs to make corrections during movements
Ventral and dorsal spinocerebellar tracts
Control eye movements and coordinate movement of the head and eyes
Medial vestibular nucleus
Control axial muscles and limb extensors to maintain balance
Lateral vestibular nucleus
What kind of cerebellar fibers are associated with motor learning
Climbing fibers
In cases of cerebellar disease what are the three deficits that can arise
Hypertonia
ataxia
intention tremor
Diminished resistance to passive limb displacement (over shooting, excessive rebound)
Hypertonia
delay in initiation of movement; errors in range and force
Ataxia
Errors in position, especially at the end of movements
Intention tremor
