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Brain and Behaviour > Proprioception > Flashcards

Proprioception Flashcards

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1
Q

What is proprioception?

A

The sense of knowing what the orientation of the body is in space

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2
Q

What information does the brain use in proprioception?

A

Muscle length

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3
Q

Where does the information for the muscle length come from?

A

The spindle

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4
Q

Muscle spindles lie _____ to the muscle fibres

A

Parallel

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5
Q

Anything inside the spindle is…?

A

Intrafusal

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6
Q

Anything outside the spindle is…?

A

Extrafusal

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7
Q

Fluid around the spindle is called

A

Endolymph

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8
Q

What type of ending do type Ia fibres have?

A

Anulospiral

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9
Q

What type of ending do type II fibres have?

A

Flower spray

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10
Q

Pulling apart of anulospiral endings does what?

A

Activates action potentials in the axon

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11
Q

Where are group II endings embedded?

A

In the equatorial regions of the bag fibres

But have anulospiral endings largely confined to nuclear chain fibres

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12
Q

Group Ia sensory endings relay information on the _____ phase of muscle stretch

A

Dynamic

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13
Q

Group II endings relay information on the _____ phase of the muscle stretch

A

Static

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14
Q

Group Ia fibres give us information on what?

A

When the stretch is occurring

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15
Q

Group II fibres give us information on what?

A

When the muscle is at its final length

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16
Q

Muscle spindles are only useful when they are _____

A

Under tension

17
Q

When the muscle contracts what is activated?

A

Gamma-motor neurones co-activated with alpha-motorneurones

Spindle shortens in register with extrafusal fibres

18
Q

Why do you get alpha-gamma co-activation?

A

So that you don’t get unloading of the spindle and therefore tension is maintained

19
Q

What happens to gamma-motorneurones in the presence of serotonin?

A

Increased activity

20
Q

What happens to gamma-motorneurones in the presence of NA?

A

Decreased activity

21
Q

By slightly stimulating the gamma-motorneurone with serotonin, what happens?

A

The intrafusal fibres can be made slightly stiffer

22
Q

Stiffer materials transmit stretches _____

A

Better

23
Q

By inhibiting the gamma-motorneurones with NA, what happens?

A

The intrafusal fibres can be made more elastic and floppy

24
Q

Do elastic materials transmit stretches well and why?

A

No

Because they themselves stretch

25
Q

Tendon Jerk Reflex

A

Only monosynaptic reflex
Primary sensory endings (Ia) are activated and send action potentials along the limb to the spinal cord
It has a single synapse with the homonymous muscle’s a-neurone and produces an action potential in it
The muscle contracts in opposition to the stretch and the limb jerks

26
Q

Jendrassik’s manoeuvre

A

Causes excitation in upper segment of the spinal cord (C5)
Excitation spills over the rest of the spinal cord
Spill over effects the gamma-motorneurone pool, which makes the intrafusal fibres stiffer and more sensitive

27
Q

Tonic vibration reflex

A

On flexion, group II afferents frequency decreases

Vibrator applied to tendon drives the Group II afferents in muscle so they discharge at much higher frequency

28
Q

The Stretch Reflex

A

Opposes the lengthening of a muscle
Polysynaptic refelx
Spindle Ia makes excitatory connections on homonymous and synergistic muscle
Ia’s also act through inhibitory interneurones that innervate antagonistic muscles
When muscle stretched, Ia firing rate increases
Causes contraction of the homonymous and synergist muscles and relaxes antagonistic muscles
Reflex counteracts the stretch, enhancing the springiness of the muscle

29
Q

Homonymous muscle

A

Muscle that the spindle is in

30
Q

Synergistic muscle

A

Muscles that help the main muscle contraction

31
Q

Where is proprioceptive information processed?

A

At the level of the spinal cord

32
Q

What does the somatosensory cortex do?

A

Higher level processing such as touch information

33
Q

What is the central pathway for proprioceptive information?

A

Dorsal Column - Meidal Lemniscal System

Brain and Behaviour (11 decks)

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