Proprioception Flashcards

1
Q

Specialized receptors for proprioception measure:

A

posiiton in space with specialize receptors

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2
Q

Skin mechanoreceptors

A

tactile sensation

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3
Q

Muscle spindles sense

A

muscle length

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4
Q

golgi tendon organs sense

A

joint angle and tendon tension

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5
Q

Conscious pathways carry proprioception to terminate at the

A

cerebral cortex- parietal lobe (somatosensory cortex)

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6
Q

Un-conscious pathways carry proprioception to terminate at the

A

cerebellum

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7
Q

Propriception cannot be tested if a patient is:

A

unconscious or paralyzed

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8
Q

How can you test proprioception?

A

during locomotion, gait abnormalities or while standing

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9
Q

Where are proprioception tracts located?

A

superficially located in the peripheral spinal cord

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10
Q

what part of the brain integrates afferent information to make a 3 D map of the body in space?

A

parietal lobe- cerebrum

**somatosensory cortex

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11
Q

What are the two primary pathways conscious proprioception info gets toeh brain?

A

DCML pathway (dorsal column- medial lemniscus and Trigeminal Pathway

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12
Q

Trigeminal pathway carries

A

ascending CP info about our face

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13
Q

DCML pathway (dorsal column, medial lemniscus) pathway carries

A

ascending CP info about our limbs and body

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14
Q

Make physiologic changes in relation to body language:

A

by altering our proprioceptive afferents can alter cortisol, serotonin and endorphins

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15
Q

DCML Pathway receptor include:

A

skin mechanoreceptors
muscle spindles
golgi tendon organs

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16
Q

What innervates muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs?

A

mechanoreceptive primary nerve endings

**primary sensory neurons

17
Q

Where are the cell bodies of primary afferent neurons?

A

in the dorsal root ganglia

18
Q

fasciculus gracilis

A

from pelvic limb

19
Q

fasciculus cuneatus

A

from thoracic limb

20
Q

Proprioception Pathway

A
  1. receptor
  2. spinal cord segment
  3. fasciculus gracilis/cuneatus carry signals
  4. Decussation of 2nd order neuron
  5. 3rd order neuron carries signal to cerebral cortex
21
Q

Proprioception from facial skin and oral cavity is carried by

A

Trigeminal nerve

22
Q

Proprioceptive clinical signs include:

A

gait abnormalities (ataxia), knuckling, draggin or scuffing of toes or failure to pass Conscious propriception tests

23
Q

Postural reaction tests include:

A

proprioceptive positioning, wheelbarrowing, hopping, hemistanding/hemiwalking, placing(with/without vision)

24
Q

proprioceptive ataxia caused by

A

a lesion in the proprioceptive pathway( peripheral nerve, dorsal root, spinal cord, brainstem, cerebral cortex)

25
Prprioceptive ataxia clinical signs:
abnormal postural reactions with paresis
26
Vestibular ataxia caused by :
lesion in the vestibular apparatus (vestibular nuclei, CN VIII, or vestibular receptors)
27
Vestibular ataxia clinical signs:
head tilt, leaning/falling/rolling, abnormal nystagmus, strabismus, abnormal postural reaction, crouched posture
28
What is normal in a dog with vestibular ataxia?
normal postural reaction with peripheral lesions (No CP deficits) **NO PARESIS
29
Cerebellar ataxia is caused by a lesion located
in the cerebellum
30
Clinical signs of Cerebellar ataxia:
abnormal rate, range and force of movement; no paresis, wide based stance, intention tremors, truncal sway, nystagmus, etc.
31
What kind of diseases do not cause proprioceptive deficits?
vestibular and cerebellar
32
Why is proprioception vulnerable to injury?
large size of axons and superficial location on the spinal cord
33
If proprioception is lost what sensation is lost next?
motor (voluntary), then pain sensation