Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RUSVM Gross Anatomy 2 > CNS Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

CNS Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cranium?

A

Surrounds the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the vertebral column?

A

surrounds the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the meninges?

A

The meninges are three connective tissue membranes that separate the soft tissue of the CNS from the surrounding bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the cerebrospinal fluid?

A

fills the subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of CSF?

A

provides a cushion of protection around the CNS and nourishment for the neural tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three meninge layers?

A

Dura mater- outer layer
Arachnoid- middle layer
Pia mater- inner layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What meningeal layers make up the leptomeninges?

A

the arachnoid and pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the functions of the meninges?

A
  1. production, circulation and reabsorption of CSF
  2. Conveys arterial vesselsinto nervous tissue and return of venous blood via dural sinuses
  3. Anchors the brain and spinal cord within the cranial and spinal cavities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

A

the periosteal and meningeal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the periosteal layer of the dura mater?

A

outer layer, closest to the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the meningeal layer of the dura mater?

A

inner layer, closely affiliated with the arachnoid layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of dural reflections?

A

to stabilize the brain with in the cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of dural sinuses?

A

to reabsorb CSf and venous and blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What meningeal layer is the highest level of the innervation?

A

dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

The dural refleciton between the two cerebral hemispheres, within the mid-sagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

The transverse dural reflection between the cerebrum and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an epidural hematoma?

A

When blood collects between the skull and dura mater.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a subdural hematoma?

A

when blood collects between teh dura mater and arachnoid space.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can subdural and epidural hematomas cause?

A

can lead to neurological abnormalities associated with space occupying lesion or oxidative damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a falcine herniation?

A

Where one cerebral hemisphere tries to sneak over to the opposite side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a calvarial brain herniation?

A

When there is herniation through the calvarium (skull cap) via fracture in the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a transtentorial brain herniation refer to?

A

relating to the tentorium cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a foramenal brain herniation refer to?

A

relating to the foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

located between the arachnoid cellular layer and pia mater, contains CSf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are arachnoid trabeculae?
Filaments that extend toward the pia mater from teh arachnoid cellular layer.
26
Where are the arachnoid trabeculae located?
In the subarachnoid space
27
What structure reabsorbes CSF from the subarachnoid space?
arachnoid villi
28
hwen does CSF reabsorption occur?
When pressure in the subarachnoid space is greater than pressure in the dural sinus
29
What are cisterns?
Regions of dilation of the subarachnoid space.
30
Where is the cerebellomedullary cistern located?
between the cerebellum and medulla oblongata, near the region of the foramen magnum **can be used for CSF collection
31
Which meningeal layer follows the brains gryi and sulci as well as the arteries penetrating brain tissue?
pia mater
32
Pia mater capillaries project into brain ventricals to form
teh choroid plexuses
33
What kind of cells line pia mater capillaries, involved in CSf production?
ependymal cells
34
Where (location) is CSF produced?
in the brain ventricles via choroid plexuses and the central canal fo the spinal cord
35
Where does CSF Circulate?
in teh ventricular systema nd central canal
36
How does CSF enter the subarachnoid space?
Lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka)- openings of the 4th ventricle
37
Where are the lateral centricles located?
Within each cerebral hemisphere
38
How do the lateral ventricles communicate with third ventricle?
the interventricular foramen
39
how does the third ventricle communicate with the fourth ventricles?
mesencephalic aqueduct (cerebral aquaduct)
40
Where sit he fourth ventricles located?
Between the ponsa nd cerebellum, extends to teh medulla oblongata
41
What is the obex?
where the fourth ventrical is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord
42
The spinal mengines consist of what layers?
teh three same layers as the cranial menginges: dura, arachnoid and pia
43
Where is the epidural space of the spinal meninges?
between the dura and periosteal covering of the certebral canal
44
What exists within the epidural space?
blood vessels and structural fat
45
How does the spinal dura mater stabilize the spinal cord?
cranially is continuous with the occipital periosteum and caudally attaches to the caudal vertebrae
46
Denticulate ligaments are part of which spinal meningeal layer?
pia mater
47
What are teh denticulate ligaments?
segmental extension of the spinal pia mater that fuse with teh arachnoid/dural layers
48
What laterally stabilizes the spinal cord?
teh denticulate ligaments
49
What ist eh filum terminale?
a delicate strand of pia that extends from the conus medularis to its attachment at the caudal vertebrae
50
What is the gray matter of brain tissue consist of?
cell bodies within nuclei and dendrites of neurons
51
What is the white matter of brain tissue consist of?
axons within tracts, most of which are myelinnated
52
Axon tracts allow?
for communication between different regions of the CNS
53
The two hemispheres of the cerebrum communicate via which tract?
corpus callosum
54
What are gyri?
elevated folds of the convolutions of the cerebrum
55
what are sulci?
depressed grooves of the cerebrum
56
The surface of the cerebrum is comprised of gray matter, referred to as
the cerebral cortex
57
What are the three clusters of nuclei embedded deep wihtin teh white matter of the cerebrum (basal nuclei_
caudate nucelus, putamen, globus pallidus
58
A lesion to the cerebrum can produce clinical signs associated with?
difficulty in initiating movement or abnormal delivery of movement (ie, Parkinsons in humans)
59
The sensory fields of the cerebral cortex are involved in
perception of external stimuli
60
The motor areas of the cerebral cortex are invovled in
movement of skeletal muslce
61
The association areas of the cerebral cortex are involved in
integration of sensory info and planning of voluntary movement, memory, reasoning, verbalizing, judgement, and emotion
62
What is the internal capsule of the cerebrum?
white matter of the cerebrum that contains specific tracts
63
What is the function of the cerebellum?
posture and movement coordination
64
How does the cerebellum communicate with other parts of the CNS?
Via three pair of nerve tracts called cerebellar peduncles | Rostral, caudal and Middle
65
What are the four parts of teh brain stem?
1. diencephalon 2. mesencephalon 3. pons 4. medulla oblongata
66
What makes up the diencephalon?
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
67
What makes up the mesencephalon?
corpora quadrigemina (rostral and caudal colliculus)
68
What is the function of the thalamus?
it is the relay center for all afferent (sensory) information except smell
69
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
homeostasis
70
How does the hypothalamus communicate with the pituitary gland?
via teh infundibulum
71
What are the optic tracts/optic chiasm responsible for?
visual sensory
72
What are the mammilary bodies of the hypothalamus responsible for?
the relay of information from the limbic system and emotion
73
What is the function of the epiphysis (pineal gland)?
melatonin secretion, circadian rhythms, circannual rhytms and estrus
74
What is the rostral colliculus responsible for?
visual reflexes
75
What is the caudal colliculus responsible for?
auditory reflexes
76
What are teh three regions of the cereral cortex?
Neocortex, paleocortex and archicortex
77
What the function of the paleocortex of the cerebral cortex?
olfactory funciton
78
What are the five cortical lobes?
occipital, parietal, frontal, temporal and piriform
79
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
conscious perception of visual infomration
80
Where are voluntary and involuntary motor response to visual stimulation generated?
occipital lobe, cerebral cortex
81
Lesions to the visual cortex of the occipital lobe can cause
cortical blindness
82
Is PLR normal in a lesion to the visual cortex of the occipital lobe?
yes
83
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
conscious proprioception: perception of touch, pain, pressure, temperature and noxious stimuli
84
What lobe is responsible for producing a 3D map of the body's location in space and its relation to objects in that space?
parietal lobe
85
Lesions to the parietal lobe cause
abnormalities in spatial perception or delayed intiation of postural reactions
86
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
voluntary motor functions, behavior and planning nad initation of movement
87
Lesions to the frontal lobe cause
delay of movement initiation, changes in behavior and contralateral clinical signs
88
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
perception and interpretation of auditory infomration
89
Will destruction of one auditory cortex produce deafness?
NO
90
What is the function of the piriform lobe?
perception and interpretation of olfactory information
91
Lesion to the piriform lobe can cause
reduce or loss of smell
92
What lobe plays a major role in survival
piriform lobe
93
What is the function of the limbic system?
Survival drive and emotion
94
The limbic system is composed of:
hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate gyrus and thalamus
95
What is the function of the amygdala?
emotional memory, aggression
96
What is the function of the hippocampus?
short term memory to long term
97
What is the function of the cingulate gyrus?
emotion
98
How is the limbic system connected to the thalamus?
mammillothalamic tract
99
What part of the brain is responsible for waking up teh cerebral cortex?
RAS of the thalamus
100
What spp. is the rete mirabile present in?
cat, pig and ruminants
101
Venous return from the brain via
the dural sinuses
102
What is the primary blood supply to the spinal cord?
ventral spinal artery
103
What is the secondary supply to the spinal cord?
dorsal spinal arteries
104
Where is the internal certebral venous plexus located?
Within the epidural space | - risk for puncturing with CSF tap

RUSVM Gross Anatomy 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions