Proprioception Flashcards
Skill related fitness components
agility
balance
coordination
reaction time
speed
What are the ABC’s of proprioception?
Agility
Balance
Coordination
Proprioception
Bodies ability to transmit position sense.
What does proprioception allow us to do?
- Interpret info
- Respond to environment
- Trained with active motion and reps
- Ability to respond athletically.
Proprioception role
- Key in dexterity, mastery, proficiency.
- Neurosensory role
- Corrects performance
Kinesthesia
- Sensation of limb movements and positions
a. Awareness of motion and position.
b. Trained by passive motion/muscle memory
Somatic Receptors (Sensory receptors)
- Exteroceptors: External environment
- Interoreceptors: Internal environment
- Proprioceptors: Information of body in space.
Mechanoreceptors
- Input received by the skin, muscles, and tendon that facilitate a motor response.
- Respond to vibration, pressure, tension
ex. Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles.
Neurophysiology of proprioception
- Cutaneous receptors
- Afferent receptors
- Skin
- Provides basic info on skin and stretch
Golgi tendon organ
- Tension and contraction and responses relaxation of muscle
Muscle Spindle
- Responds to stretch and responds by contraction of muscle.
Joint receptors
- Activate when muscles move into end ranges of motion.
- Act more as motion limit detectors
- Help with basic mid range motion in the fingers
Ligaments
- Ligament stretch inhibit agonist muscle
CNS
- Responds to group of receptors.
- Must receive input from all sensory, motor, and joint receptors to work together affectively.
Neurophysiology
- Afferent nerves send message to CNS
- CNS interprets stimuli and initiates limb response
CNS
- Spinal cord
- Brain stem
- Cerebral cortex
Spinal cord
- Reflexes
- Joint quick motion protects body with a quick reflexive contraction
- Provide joint stability
Brain Stem
- Receives input from proprioceptors, eyes, and ears
- Assist in maintaining balance
- Maintains posture and position
- Vestibular
- Swtitch board for incoming and outgoing messages
Cerebral cortex
- Conscious movement
- Controlled movement
- controlled movement is learned before it becomes automatic
How does the neuro system talk to muscular system?
- Afferent nervous system: skin, joint receptors, etc.
- CNS
- Motor response
Balance Sensory Input
Systems involved:
1. Vestibular system (20%)
2. Oculomotor system (10%)
3. Proprioceptor system (70%)
Vestibular
- Inner ear
-sick- concussion
- Allows the eyes to remain steady when body is on motion
Oculomotor system
- Provides basic feedback of where you are
- Are you moving or is the environment
- Visual fixation can help balance,.
Proprioceptive system
- Somatosensory feedback
- Foam surface
3.Uneven surfaces
How does proprioception affect performance
Interaction with group
2. Info
3. Command
4. Better performance
5.Less injury
Balance Exercises (Romberg’s test)
- Mainly tests position sense
Stork Stance
- Single leg balance
- Making dynamic stability harder
a. Somatosensory feedback
b. Removal of ocular feedback
Dynamic Balance Test
- SEBE (star excursion balance exercise test)
- Y balance test/arm balance exercise test
Coordination
- Complex process by which a smooth pattern of activity is produced by a combination of muscles acting together with appropriate intensity and timing
- Muscles
a. Stimulate to provide an activity
b. Some inhibit activity - Muscle strength
Shoulder Kinematics
- Correct strength to be able to get shoulder into appropriate position to throw or hit
Ankle mobility
- Must have to perform squat, correctly run, jump, etc.
- Don’t forget to check when doing assessment
Activity Perception
- Awareness of what the activity involves
a. what posture do i need etc.
b. Does the activity feel right
Feedback
- Action occurs
- Proprioceptive system makes adjustments to correct system
- Ex. throwing a ball, catching a ball as a baby
Feedforward
- Response to environment
- Action based on previous knowledge and activity
- Based not on error correction but pevious expericence
a. walking down steps - more automatic
Repetition
- Will eventually become automatic
- Development of accuracy and coordination
Progression of Proprioceptive Activities
- Balance –> coordination –> agility
- Simple to complex tasks
- Slow, deliberate to fast, inherent
- Narrow to broad focus
- Internal to external focus
- Closed to open environment
- Advancement is made only after the activity is mastered.
When should proprioception exercises be performed?
- Early in rehab session
- Repetition is key
a. Performance must improve each time
