Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CH1401 > Properties of Solutions (Acids + Bases + Buffers + titrations) > Flashcards

Properties of Solutions (Acids + Bases + Buffers + titrations) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the ionic product of water

A

1 x 10^-14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a bronsted-Lowry acid ?

A

proton (H+) donor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a Bronsted-Lowry Base?

A

proton (H+) acceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does amphoteric mean ?

A

able to act as both an acid and a base.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is an Arrhenius acid?

A

a species which increases the number of H30+ ions when dissolved in water (pH decreases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a Arrhenius base?

A

a species which increases the number of OH- ions when dissolved in water (pH increases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a lewis acid

A

electron pair acceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a lewis base

A

electron pair donor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the Arrhenius acids are limited to …

A

aqueous solutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the equation for strong acid pH =

A

-log (c H30+/c standard)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in an acid base reaction the equilibrium favours the side with the … this is because…

A

weaker acid and base, because they are more stable and have lower potential energies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do we determine the pH of weak acids/bases

A

first we find the equilibrium constant - in this case known as the Ka (acid dissociation constant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ka of pure liquids =

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

using the Ka we can calculate the …

A

pKa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

for weak acids the equilibrium lies far to the…

A

left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

after finding x in the pH weak acid calculations, how do you find the pH?

A

pH = -logx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pKa + pKb =

A

pKw = 14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ka x Kb =

A

Kw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the inductive effect?

A

occurs when electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups in a molecule cause a change in electron density. this causes the pH to change.

20
Q

inductive effect -

the more electronegative the bonding group the ____ the acid

A

stronger

21
Q

inductive effect -

the _____ the bonding group the stronger the acid

A

closer

22
Q

inductive effect -

the ____ of the bonding group the stronger the acid

A

more

23
Q

the ___ resonance forms the ____ stable the anion and hence the stronger the acid

A

more, more

24
Q

what makes up a buffer solution?

A

mix of either a weak acid or base and its corresponding salt.

25
Q

what is the first step of finding buffer pH of the weak acid and strong base titration?

A

calculating the initial moles of the reactants

26
Q

what is the second step finding buffer pH of the weak acid and strong base titration?

A

calculating the final moles of the weak acid and its conjugate base

27
Q

final moles of the weak acid =

A

initial moles of weak acid - initial moles of strong base

28
Q

final moles of conjugate base =

A

initial moles of strong base

29
Q

what is the 3rd step of find the buffer pH of a weak acid and strong base titration?

A

using the buffer pH equation

30
Q

how do you find the pKa from the Ka

A

pKa = -log(Ka)

31
Q

what is the equivalence point?

A

when the same volume of the acid and base have been used in the titration

32
Q

what is the halfway point

A

when half the volume of weak acid (in the burette) is added to the base.

33
Q

what does association mean ?

A

the addition of two or more substances together to form a larger entity

34
Q

what is the Kw of water ?

A

1 x 10 -14

35
Q

the pKa of strong acids is a ___ number

A

small

36
Q

the Ka of a strong acid is a _____ number

A

big

37
Q

is ammonium an acid or a base

A

NH4+ is an weak acid

38
Q

is ammonia an acid or a base

A

NH3 is a weak base

39
Q

how do you calculate the initial pH of a buffer solution - titration q

A

same why as normal weak acid/base pH calculations - without - x on the bottom.

40
Q

how do you calculate the pH of a buffer solution during the reaction - titration q (random and halfway point)

A

finding initials and finals.

41
Q

how do you find the concentration of the conjugate base in an equivalence point q (when the volumes are equal.

A

since the nACID = nBASE = nCONJBASE.

this means that cCONJBASE = n/Vtotal

42
Q

what should we do In the equivalence point equilibrium qs

A
  1. find the final concentration of the conj base.
  2. set up dissociation equilibrium reaction.
  3. same as weak base pH questions - you don’t need to put - x on the bottom.
43
Q

what are the 3 assumption points for weak acids in a equilibrium reaction when finding the pH

A
  1. acid is a weak acid .
  2. eq. lies far to the left.
  3. assume dilute solutions.
44
Q

what are the assumptions for buffer questions ?

A
  1. acid is a weak acid and doesn’t fully dissociate, assume the concentration = c.
  2. conj base (from main equilibrium reaction) is a weak conj base and dissociates into conj base from specific reaction and the metal ion. assume conj base from specific reaction = c of conj base from main equilibrium.
45
Q

how does the inductive effect work.

A

a high electronegative group near the site of interest pulls the electron density towards itself (I-), this causes the site of interest to become more stable and therefore strengthen the acid.

CH1401 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions