properties and periodic trend

Question 1

what is magnetism?

Answer 1

when metals have several unpaired electrons

Question 2

what is paramagnetic?

Answer 2

has a strong magnetic field (many unpaired e-)

Question 3

what is diamagnetic?

Answer 3

has no magnetism (many paired electrons)

Question 4

what is coulombs’ law?

Answer 4

• larger charges will have a stronger attractive/repulsive forces
• charges that are closer together have a stronger/repulsive force

Question 5

what is atomic radius in period/row?

Answer 5

(period/row) the greater the atomic #, the smaller the PHYSICAL atom
- increase # of p+ = increase attractive force

Question 6

what is atomic radius in group/family?

Answer 6

(group/family) the greater the atomic #, the larger the atom

Question 7

what are major periodic trends?

Answer 7

• electronegativity
• ionization energy
• electron affinity
• ionic and atomic radius

Question 8

what happens to the atom when you go down a group/family?

Answer 8

the atom gets larger, due to the increase of e- shells (e- repel each other, meaning more shielding)

Question 9

what are cations?

Answer 9

(+) lose e- to empty shell, cation is smaller than atom
ex) Ca 2+ < Ca

Question 10

what is an anion?

Answer 10

(-) gains e- to fill shell, creates more e- repulsion in the outer shells causing it to be larger
ex) N 3- > N

Question 11

what is electronegativity/electron affinity ?

Answer 11

the measure of how much an atom wants to gain an e-

Question 12

why would is an e- easier to lose from a larger atom than a smaller one?

Answer 12

a larger atom has a looser hold on its valence e-, when bonding they are willing to give up or share
- due to repulsion/shielding of a shell