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Atmc > Proper Test 3 > Flashcards

Proper Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of explosives

A

A substance manufactured with a view to produce and explosion or pyrotechnic effect.

A substance, alone or mixed with one another, which are in a metastable state and are capable for this reason of undergoing a rapid chemical reaction without the participation of external reactant such as atmospheric oxygen

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2
Q

What are the two types of explosives

A

Primary - sensitive to heat shock or friction. Lead azide, Mercuary fulminate, lead styphlinate
Secondary - less sensitive to stimuli. RDX, TNT,

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3
Q

What are the factors affecting V of D

A
  1. density
  2. charge diameter
  3. degree of confinement
  4. strength of detonator
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4
Q

what is burn to detonation

A

 Occurs when there is an abrupt acceleration of the
flame front until it becomes a shock wave.
 When explosives are confined in a tube and ignited at
one end. The gas generated cannot escape
 Pressure builds up the burning rate increases and
pulses can be generated which may accelerate the
burning rate to sonic velocity

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5
Q

What are the advantages of fuel air explosives

A
  1. FAE provides larger over pressures at greater
    distances than HE would provide
  2. Requires little or no oxygen in the molecular
    structure therefore making a FAE explosion 3
    to 5 times hotter than HE
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6
Q

what is rarefaction

A

a negative pressure phase (in either air or water)

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7
Q

what is the definition of a blast

A 
Violent disruptive effect caused by an
explosion. From the explosion there
is an evolution of heat and gases and
a shock front which emanates from
the center of the explosion
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8
Q

what are the 3 levels of damage

A

disablement, destroyed, neutralized

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9
Q

factors affecting personal vunrabilities

A

attitude (target area presented)

protection ( buildings, PPE, equipment)

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10
Q

what is the lethality formular

A

Pk = Ph x Pr x PL

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11
Q

what is kinetic energy and chemical

A 
kinetic = Kinetic Energy - In the form
of a solid missile (a “shot”)
which dissipates its energy
on impact and requires no
triggering device to control
the energy release
Chemical = In the form of a substance,
which has considerable potential energy relative
to its mass, which can be released when
suitably initiated Such substances are known as high explosives and the initiation mechanism as a fuze
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12
Q

what are the types of attack on aircraft

A

 Overpressure (Blast)
 Kinetic energy (bullets or fragmenting warheads)
 Special kinetic energy (continuous rod)
 Shaped charges (EFPs)

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13
Q

what are the types of aircraft kills

A

 KK-Kill The target suffers immediate and catastrophic disintegration.
 K-Kill The target is destroyed in less than 10 secs.
 A-Kill The target is destroyed in less than 5 mins.
 B-Kill The target is defeated in less than 5 hours.
 C-Kill The target’s mission is not achieved (mission abort).
 E-Kill The target may complete its mission but needs repair before it
can fly again.

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14
Q

what are the affects of altitude on blast

A

 Density
 Attenuation
 Miss Distance
 Altitude increases/warhead increases

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15
Q

what are the warehead types used on aircraft

A
  1. Blast
  2. fragmentation
  3. fragmentation plus blast
  4. special kinetic energy
  5. shaped charges
  6. sub-projectiles
  7. cluster munitions
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16
Q

percentage wasted on aircraft

A

80%???

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17
Q

what are the types of Armour used

A
  1. RHA
  2. Spaced HA
  3. ply
  4. Face hardened
  5. reactive
  6. composite
  7. slat (bar)
18
Q

know what shattering is

A

increasing the hardness of a projectile making it brittle, when hope pressure overcomes this the round will fracture from the tip.

19
Q

on a APC what is a F kill

A

the weapon system is destroyed

20
Q

what are the 4 behind armour effects

A
  1. Luminosity
  2. heat and fire
  3. spalling
  4. overpressure
21
Q

what is the problems with combined kinetic and chemical rounds

A

Due mainly to the intense shocks to which any
initiating mechanism is subjected on initial impact
and during penetration.

22
Q

how do u increase external balistics

A

 Small cross-sectional area
 High Mass
 High Velocity
 Aerodynamic design

23
Q

percentage of wasted on aircraft

A

make the warhead have directional or preferential fragmentation

24
Q

two types of enhancing penetration

A

rocket assist
barrel lengthening
lengthening the projectile
improve steadiness of shot

25
Q

what are the factors effecting wound severity

A
  1. Fragment mass and velocity
  2. fragment cross sectional area
  3. stability of fragmentation
26
Q

what are the factors effecting wound severity

A
  1. Fragment mass and velocity
  2. fragment cross sectional area
  3. stability of fragmentation
27
Q

explain HESH

A

on impact with the target, the main fill spreads to its optimum spread then is intiated by the base detonating fuze, causing a spalling in the armour.

28
Q

explain HESH

A

on impact with the target, the main fill spreads to its optimum spread then is intiated by the base detonating fuze, when the reflected tension wave meets further primary shock waves it causes a spalling in the armour.

29
Q

where is HESH initiated from

A

Rear

30
Q

explain reverse impact detonation

A

Detonation occurs before the fuze can
produce detonation of the filling, the shock
wave will be travelling in the wrong direction

31
Q

how to reduce spin on APFSDS

A

slipping driving band

32
Q

what are the 5 factors affecting shaped charge performance

A 
cone diameter
shape of liner
cone material
stand off distance
rate of spin
33
Q

what is 7:1 and 15:1

A

7: 1 is spin
15: 1 is fin

34
Q

what are the forces affecting APSDS

A

aero and gas pressures

35
Q

what are the spin compensators used on shaped charges

A

 Slipping driving bands

 Fluted liners

 Spin compensated liners

36
Q

optimum stand off for a munro effect

A

5 cone diameters

37
Q

efp penetraintng

A

1 to 1000

38
Q

distribution of frag

A

Effective distribution when projectile is

vertical.

39
Q

How to control fragment velocity

A

V of d of main charge
Amount of explosives
Density of charge
Density of raw material

40
Q

Severity of wound types depends on what?

A

Actual energy transfer
Rate of transfer from projectile
Tumbling and yawing

Atmc (18 decks)

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