Propaganda in the Third Reich Flashcards
What was the purpose of propaganda in the Third Reich?
-Glorify the regime
-Spread Nazi Values
-Censorship
-Win over the people
-Weltanschatung - World View
-Gleischshaltung - Co-ordination
Was Film innovative in Nazi Germany?
-Remained innovative like Weimar Republic
-Triumph of the will - Leni Rietenstahl and Olympia were innovative
-Jews removed as actors and directors
What was the purpose of Film?
-Used for entertainment and keep people happy
-Pure escapism = The adventures of Baron Von Münchelhausan
-1933-45 1,097 feature films provided
-Only 96 were requests of propaganda ministry
What were different types of films produced?
-Pure Escapism = The adventures of Baron Von münchelhausen
-Overt Propaganda = The Triumph of the Will and The Eternal Jew
How did Nazi’s slowly take over the film industry?
-RMVP slowly bought up shares of the film industry
- 1942 all companies were nationalised
What were similarities to the Weimar Republic with Film?
-Innovation showed continuity with Weimar
- Lack of Propaganda and lots of entertainment used
What were differences to the Weimar Republic with Film?
-Centralised control oer pure escapism films
-Weimar usually imported from America
-Some Overt Propaganda that Weimar did not have
How was Music affected by Nazi Germany?
-Jewish composers like Mahler were banned
-Jazz banned ‘negroid music’ and modern music banned
-Wagner was loved as he talked about Germanys mythical past and anti-semitic
-Censorship of Jewish and Modern Music
Where were Art Exhibitions held?
-1937 two parallel exhibitions held in Munich
-Hitler thought this was the ‘city of art’
-One represented ‘Great German Art’ and ‘Degenerate Art’
What was the Exhibition of Great German Art?
-Held in newly built museum
-An opportunity for artists to display work and for people to see ‘true’ German art work
-16,000 were submitted, only 6,000 chosen
What was the Exhibition of Great German Art used to represent?
-Represent the healthy instincts of the master race
-Expression of the Volksgemeinschaft
-600,000 attended
-Preceded by a Day of German Art which became annual pageant of 2,000 years of German history paradigm through Munich
What was the Exhibition of Degenerate Art?
-19th July opens by President of the Art Chamber
-5,000 exhibits of degenerate work, cultural Bolsheviks and fumbling daubers
-Represented disruption the Weimar Republic had bring to Germany
-Works showers distorted forms, unnatural colours and unsettling subjects
What types of works were included in the Exhibition of Degenerate Art?
-1,052 by Emil Nolde
-508 by Max Beckmann
-Works by Gauguin, Van Gogh and Picasso
-2 Million people attended
-Next day work was destroyed, sold abroad or kept by Göring
What did Great German Art show?
-The strength of the Aryan Race
-‘Blood and Soil’, Sower by Oskar Martin-Amorbach
-Militaristic Value
-Portray Nazi Values
How was Literature affected by the Nazi Regime?
-May 10, 1933 book burning ceremony
-Leading writers of Weimar left, Thomas Mann and Berthold Brecht
-All literature liked was of false history
How was Architecture affected by the Nazi Regime?
-Hitler wanted to build something based on the Parthian Empire
Hated Bauhaus and Neue Schachlickheit
-Rejected it but used a lot of its methods, e.g Bauhaus and simplicity
Why was it hard to control the press?
-4,700 daily newspapers in circulation
- Lots of strong regions identities, political stances
How did Nazis begin to control the press?
-Publishing house, Eher Verlag
-Gradually buying up the press
-1939, 69% of newspapers built
-1944, 82% of newspapers brought up
How did Nazis control the press they had not bought?
-DNB News Agency was state controlled
- Controlled what information reached the journalists
What was the Editors Law and how did it control the press?
-1933 Law made editors responsible for what journalists said
-Frightened the editors into censoring the papers
-Gleischaltung was exercised
What was the primary Radio used in Nazi Germany?
The Peoples Receiver
-Cheap but there was only one station and had limited range (censorship)
-State controlled, played in factories and cafes
How did the number of Radios people have increase?
-25% had a radio in 1932
-70% of people had one in 1939
-Highest number of radios in the world
How did Goebbels promote acceptable culture?
22nd September 1933 Reichskulturkammer (RKK) was set up
How did the Olympics affect culture?
-1936 was hosted by Germany
-Germany won 89 medals, 33 golds
-Promoted strong Aryan men, sculptors were often told to depict this too
How did Nazi’s affect the calendar?
-They rearranged it around important dates for the Nazi’s
-Mothers day was celebrated on Hitlers mothers birthday
-After 1935 parades in the street were extremely militaristic with tanks and armoured vehicles appearing
Where were the olympics hosted?
-Reichssportsfield and Olympic Village
- Stadium could hold 100,00 and had a special stand for Hitler and his guests
Where were the Nazi Party Rally Grounds built?
-Built in Nuremberg
-Held rallies yearly in late August or September from 1933-38
-Lasted up to a week and drew many foreign journalists
-Many party leaders made propaganda speeches
