Pronouns 2 Flashcards
Este livro é o meu favorito. (This book is my favorite.)
Here, “este” (or esta/estes/estas) indicates…
a noun that is within reach of the speaker and the person to whom (s)he is speaking.
Esta casa é muito linda. (This house is very beautiful.)
What does “esta” (or este/estes/estas) indicate here?
“Esta” indicates a noun that is within reach of the speaker and the person to whom (s)he is speaking.
Vou para a universidade esta tarde. (I go to the university this afternoon.)
“Esta” is used here because…
“Este/esta/estas/estos” signify time and proximity.
Quanto custa esse chapéu? (How much does that hat cost?)
Here, “esse” (or essa/esses/essas) indicates…
a noun out of the speaker’s reach or nearer to the listener than the speaker.
Essa camisa é muito cara. (That shirt is very expensive.)
a noun out of the speaker’s reach or nearer to the listener than the speaker.
Aqueles monumentos são os mais antigos da cidade.
Describe the position of the monuments (‘monumentos’) in relation to the speaker and the listener.
Aquele/aqueles/aquela/aquelas (that over there, those over there) indicate that the object is far away from both the speaker and the listener, but still within visual distance.
*Translation: Those monuments over there are the oldest in the city.
Complete the sentence with the appropriate demonstrative adjective: “_______ mulheres são nossas professoras.” (______ women are our teachers.)
The women are far away from both the speaker and the listener, but still within visual distance.
Aquelas (those [over there])
______ dias que passamos na vila no inverno pasado. (_____ days we spent in the village last winter.)
Pick the correct demonstrative adjective and defend your answer.
a) Estes
b) Aqueles
c) Esses
B) Aqueles, because “aquele/aquela/aqueles/aquelas” can be used to distinguish between a recent past and a more distant one.
Naqueles dias, carro não existia. (At that time, a car didn’t exist.)
Here, “aqueles” is used because…
“aquele/aquela/aqueles/aquelas” can be used to distinguish between a recent past and a more distant one.
Combine all four forms of “este” with “de.”
de + ... este = deste esta = desta estes = destes estas = destas
Combine all four forms of “esse” with “de.”
de + ... esse = desse essa = dessa esses = desses essas = dessas
Combine all four forms of “este” with “em.”
em + ... este = neste esta = nesta estes = nestes estas = nestas
Combine all four forms of “esse” with “em.”
em + ... esse = neste essa = nesta esses = nestes essas = nestas
Combine all four forms of “aquele” with “de.”
de + ... aquele = daquele aquela = daquela aqueles = daqueles aquelas = daquelas
Combine all four forms of “aquele” with “em.”
em + ... aquele = naquele aquela = naquela aqueles = naqueles aquelas = naquelas
Combine all four forms of “aaquele” with “a.”
a + ... aquele = áquele aquela = áquela aqueles = áqueles aquelas = áquelas
State this sentence in Portuguese: Those books and those newspapers are on the table.
Word bank:
- livros = books
- jornais = newspapers
- sobre = on
- a = the
- mesa = table
- estão = are
- esses = those
- e = and
Esses livros e esses jornais estão sobre a mesa.
Demonstrative adjectives directly precede the noun they modify. If there are multiple nouns in a sentence, the demonstrative adjective should directly precede each noun.
Este que trabalha aqui é meu irmão. (This one who works here is my brother.)
What is the role of the demonstrative pronoun (este) in this sentence?
Demonstrative pronouns replace nouns in phrases instead of modifying them.
A minha casa é maior do que essa. (My house is bigger than that one.)
True or False: In the sentence above, “essa” is a demonstrative adjective.
False. “Essa” is a demonstrative pronoun.
O bolo é muito grande. (The cake is very big.)
In the above sentence, replace “o bolo” with a demonstrative pronoun.
Este bolo é muito grande. (This [one] is very big.)
Demonstrative pronouns agree in gender and number with the nouns they replace.
To distinguish between demonstrative pronouns and adjectives, you…
don’t. Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns are identical in Portuguese.
Translate “Peter’s car and Maria’s,” into Portuguese.
Word Bank:
- carro = car
- e = and
- o = the
O carro de Peter e esse de Maria.
Demonstrative pronoun + de can indicate possession.
Fill in the blank: ____ é fantastico. (That is fantastic.)
Isso (that, neuter)
Neuter demonstrative pronouns are used to refer to genderless things or things of indeterminate gender.
Is the following translation of “What is this?” correct: O que é este? Defend your answer.
No. “Isto” (this, neuter) should be used instead, because the gender is unclear.
List the neuter demonstrative pronouns in Portuguese and their English equivalents.
isto (this)
isso (that, near the listener)
*esses (those)
aquilo (that, far from both the listener and speaker)
*book says esses (m)/essas (f), but that’s illogical
de + isto =
disto
de + isso =
disso
de + aquilo =
daquilo
em + isto =
nisto
em + isso =
nisso
em + aquilo =
naquilo
a + aquilo =
áquilo
Translate “what/which?”
que?/o que? (used interchangeably)
What’s “about what?” in Portuguese?
de que?/do que?
State “who/whom?” in Portuguese.
quem?
In Portuguese, “Whose house is this?” is…
De quem é esta casa?
whose? = do/de quem?
Translate “which?” and “which ones?”
qual? (which); quais? (which ones)
State all versions of “how much/how many?” in Portuguese.
quanto (m. s.)
quanta (f. s.)
quantos (m. pl.)
quantas (f. pl.)
O que queres? (What do you want?)
Change the above sentence to add emphasis.
O que é que queres?
“É que” is often added to the interrogative pronouns in order to give emphasis.
What’s “How are you?” in Portuguese? (Hint: ‘estás/está’ means ‘you are.’)
Como estás?/Como está você?
In Portuguese, “When are you coming?” is…
Hint: vens/vem = you are coming.
Quando vens?/Quando você vem?
Translate “Where is the bathroom?”
Word bank:
- casa-de-banho = bathroom
- fica = is
Onde fica a casa-de-banho?
What’s “Where are you [formal] from?” in Portuguese? (Hint: ‘é’ means ‘you are.’)
De onde é o senhor?
de onde? = from where
State “Why do you say that?” in Portuguese. (Hint: ‘dizes/você diz’ means ‘you say.’)
Por quê dizes isso?/Por quê você diz isso?
O que é isso? (What is that?)
Here, “o que” is used as…
a subject. “(O) que” can be used as a subject, direct object, or object of a preposition.
O que você quer? (What do you want?)
How is “o que” used here?
As a direct object. “(O) que” can be used as a subject, direct object, or object of a preposition.
De que eles falam? (What do they talk about?)
Explain how “que” is being used here.
As an object of a preposition. “(O) que” can be used as a subject, direct object, or object of a preposition.
Quem é ela? (Who is she?)
Here, “quem” is used as…
a subject. “Quem” can be used as a subject, a direct object, or an object of a preposition.
Quem você quer ver? (Who do you want to see?)
What is “quem” being used as here?
As a direct object. “Quem” can be used as a subject, a direct object, or an object of a preposition.
Do quem eles falam? (Who are they talking about?)
How is “quem” used here?
As an object of a prepositon. “Quem” can be used as a subject, a direct object, or an object of a preposition.
Qual é o nome desta rua? (What is the name of this street?)
Here, “qual” is used instead of “quais,” because…
“qual/quais” agrees in number with the person/thing it refers to. Here, “rua” is singular, so the singular “qual” is used.
____ é a razão pela qual ele foi embora? (What is the reason for which he left?)
Fill in the blank and justify your answer.
a) que
b) qual
b) qual
“Qual” is used instead of “que” with ser + abstract noun, except when requesting a definition.
True or false: “What is Buddhism?” in Portuguese is, “Que é o budismo?”
True. “Que” is used instead of “qual” when requesting a definition.
___ música você prefere? (____ music do you prefer?)
Fill in the blank and justify your answer.
a) que
b) qual
a) que
“Que” usually precedes a noun, but “qual” never does.
____ é a sua música favorita? (_____ is your favorite music?)
Fill in the blank and justify your answer.
a) qual
b) que
a) qual
“Que” usually precedes a noun, but “qual” never does.
O que queres? (What do you want?)
Alter the sentence above to add emphasis. Defend your choice.
O que é que queres?
“É que” is often added after the interrogative for emphasis.
Translate and justify your answer: Por que você precisa de um otro carro?
What do you need another car for?
“Porque” means “why,” but “por que” means “what for.”
What’s “What a woman!” in Portuguese? Justify your answer. (Hint: ‘mulher’ means ‘woman.’)
Que mulher!
Que + noun/adjective/adverb! = How/what a noun/adjective/adverb!
State “How delicious!” in Portuguese and explain your answer. (Hint: ‘delicioso’ means ‘delicious.’)
Que delicioso!
Que + noun/adjective/adverb! = How/what a noun/adjective/adverb!
In que + noun constructions, a qualifying adjective after the noun is usually preceded by…
mais/tão (the most/so).
