Pronouns

Question 1

Demonstrative Pronouns

Answer 1

This; that; these; those; none and neither are demonstrative pronouns that substitute nouns when the nouns they replace can be understood from the context.

Question 2

Direct Object Pronouns

Answer 2

The person who is directly affected by the action. E.g., I’m reading YOU the book. TE leyo el libro.

me (me)
te (you-familiar)
lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal)

nos (us)
los, las (them, you-all-formal)

Question 3

he, she

Answer 3

él (m), ella (f)

Question 4

him, her

Answer 4

lo (m), la (f) - Direct Object Pronoun

le - Indirect Object Pronoun

Question 5

his, hers

(Possessive Pronoun)

Answer 5

suyo, suya ; suyos, suyas

Question 6

I

Answer 6

yo

Question 7

I prefer this to that (over there)

Answer 7

prefiero esto a aquello

Question 8

Indirect Object Pronouns

Answer 8

The IO tells us where the DO is going or answers the question “To whom?” or “For whom?” the action of the verb is performed. When a pronoun takes the place of the name of the indirect object, use the following pronouns:

• me (me)
• te (you-familiar)
• le (him, her, it, you-formal)
• nos (us)
• les (them, you-all-formal)

In an affirmative statement with one verb, the indirect object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb.

Question 9

it

Answer 9

él - Subject Pronoun

lo (m), la (f) - Direct Object Pronoun

le - Indirect Object Pronoun

Question 10

me

Answer 10

me

When used with or following a preposition - mí.

When used w/ con - conmigo

Question 11

mine

(Possessive Pronoun)

Answer 11

mio(s) ; mia(s)

Question 12

our(s)

Answer 12

nuestro/a ; nuestros/as

Question 13

Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns

Answer 13

Direct object pronouns and the indirect object pronouns side by side:

DO Pronouns - *IO Pronouns* - English Equivalent

• *me** - me - me
• *te** - te - you (familiar)
• *lo, la** - le - him, her, it, you (formal)
• *nos** - nos - us
• *los, las** - les - them, you-all (formal)

Question 14

Clarifying Direct Object Pronouns

Answer 14

With the phrase ‘Las buscaré.’ (I will look for you all/them) you might not know who the speaker is referring to. To clarify, the speaker may add: ‘a ellas’, or ‘a ustedes’.

• Las buscaré a ellos. (I will look for them)
• Las buscaré a ustedes. (>I’ll look for you all).

Question 15

Relative Pronouns

Answer 15

Relative pronouns, such as Who, Whose, Whom, That, Which can be used to introduce clauses (the part of a sentence that usually contains a Subject and a Verb) in sentences.

Question 16

Subject Pronouns

Answer 16

Used as a substitute for nouns. They would replace ‘that man’ with ‘he’. The subject pronouns are: I, we, you, he, she, it and they.

Question 17

that one (there)

that one (over there)

those (there)

Answer 17

ése (m) / ésa (f) / eso (n)

aquél (m) / aquélla (f) / aquello (n)

ésos (m) / ésas (f)

Question 18

this one (here)

those (over there)

these (here)

Answer 18

éste (m) / ésta (f) / esto (n)

aquéllos (m) / aquéllas (f)

éstos (m) / éstas (f)

Question 19

that

The man that came in.
The book that I read.
All that I have.

(relative pronoun)

Answer 19

que

the man that came in:
el hombre que entró

the book that I read:
el libro que leí

all that I have:
todo lo que tengo

Question 20

them (direct object)

• I hate them.
• I can forgive their son but not them.

Answer 20

los/las (direct object)

• I hate them. - Los odio.
• I can forgive their son but not them. - Puedo perdonar a su hijo, pero no a ellos*.

*In comparisons, them = ellos o ellas

Question 21

Whenever both pronouns begin with the letter “l” …

Answer 21

Whenever both pronouns begin with the letter “l” …change the first pronoun to “se.”

le lo = se lo
le la = se la
le los = se los
le las = se las
les lo = se lo
les la = se la
les los = se los
les las = se las

Question 22

them (indirect object)

• I gave them the book.
• I gave it to them.

Answer 22

les (indirect object)

• I gave them the book - les di el libro
• I gave it to them* - se* lo di

Whenever both pronouns begin with the letter “l” change the first pronoun to “se”.

Question 23

them (after prepositions, in comparisons, with the verb “to be”)

I’m thinking of them.

Answer 23

ellos/ellas (after prepositions, in comparisons, with the verb “to be”)

I’m thinking of them. - Estoy pensando en ellos.

Question 24

them (as complement of verb to be)

It’s them!

Answer 24

ellos/ellas (as complement of verb to be)

It’s them! - ¡son ellos!

Question 25

they

Answer 25

ellos (m), ellas (f)

Question 26

this is …

(in introductions)
(in photo)

Answer 26

le presento al …
éste es el/la …

Question 27

us

Answer 27

nos

Question 28

we

Answer 28

nosotros (m)
nosotras (f)

Question 29

you
Direct Object Pronouns

Answer 29

The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object. Answers the question “what?” or “whom?” with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing.

• te (you-familiar)
• lo, la (you-formal)
• los, las (them, you-all-formal)

Question 30

you
Subject Pronouns

Answer 30

• tú (inf)
• tí - when used with or following a preposition or when used w/ con (contigo)
• usted (fml)
• ustedes (plural)

Question 31

yours

The book is yours.

(Possessive Pronoun)

Answer 31

el tuyo, la tuya, los tuyos, las tuyas
(informal)

el suyo, la suya, los suyos, las suyas
(formal & plural)

El libro es tuyo.

Question 32

Placement of IO with DO

They give them to me.

Answer 32

When you have both a direct object pronoun and an indirect object pronoun in the same sentence, the indirect object pronoun comes first.

They give them to me. - Ellos me (IO) los (DO) dan.

Question 33

Because the pronoun se can have so many meanings, it is often helpful to clarify it by using a prepositional phrase.

He tells it to (him/her/them).
He tells it to … (to Juan)

Answer 33

He tells it to him/her/them. - Él se lo dice. - Ambiguous.

He tells it to him (to Juan) - Él se lo dice a Juan.

Question 34

Pronouns in sentences with two verbs…

I want to tell it (m.) to you (inf.).
You need to send it (f.) to them.

Answer 34

Te lo quiero decir. - Quiero decírtelo.

Se la necesitas enviar a ellos. - Necesitas enviársela (*a ellos).

In sentences with two verbs, there are two options regarding the placement of the pronouns. Place them immediately before the conjugated verb or attach them directly to the infinitive. When attaching the pronouns to the infinitive, a written accent is added to the final syllable of the infinitive. This preserves the sound of the infinitive.

*Removing the ambiguity of to whom it is sent.

Question 35

Negation with Pronouns

Answer 35

When the pronouns are attached to the infinitive, make the sentence negative by placing the negative word directly before the conjugated verb.

• Ella debe explicármelo. - Ella no debe explicármelo.
• Quiero decírtelo. - No quiero decírtelo.

When the pronouns come before the conjugated verb, make the sentence negative by placing the negative word directly before the pronouns.

• Ella me lo debe explicar. - Ella no me lo debe explicar.
• Te lo quiero decir. - No te lo quiero decir.

Question 36

• I don’t have it for you (fml).
• I never buy them for her.

Answer 36

• I don’t have it for you. - No se lo tengo.
• I never buy them for her. - Nunca se los compro.

In negative sentences, the negative word comes directly before the first pronoun.