promotion of health and wellebing Flashcards
Old public health
government actions that focused on changing physical environment to prevent the spread of disease.
providing:
safe water
sanitation and sewage disposal
improved nutrition, housing conditions and better work condition
biomedical model of health
focuses on physical or biological aspects of disease and illness.
medical model practised by health professionals
associated with the diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease.
‘band aid’ or ‘quick-fix’ approach
biomedical model of health: advances in medical technology
following World War II saw the discovery of antibiotics. contributed to further reduction in death rates from infectious diseases
new public health
approach to health that considers the ways in which physical, sociocultural and political environments impact on health.
Aka the social model of health.
social model of health
approach that recognises improvements in h+w
directing effort towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and political environments of health that have an impact on individuals and population groups
social model of health: principals
enable access to healthcare inter-sectoral collaboration to reduce social inequities empowers individuals and communities addresses the broader determinants
ottawa health promotion
approach to health developed by WHO
aims to reduce inequalities in health
reflects the social model of health
provides five action areas to improve health status
all are centred around enabling, mediating and advocacy.
ottawa health promotion; strategies for health promotion
enable
mediate
advocate
ottawa health promotion; strategies for health promotion- enable
by ensuring equal opportunities and resources are available to enable all people to achieve optimal health and wellbeing.
ottawa health promotion; strategies for health promotion- mediate
funding, legislation and policies, and to physical and sociocultural environment.
helping these groups resolve such conflict and produce outcomes that promote health and wellbeing.
ottawa health promotion; strategies for health promotion- advocate
gain support from governments and societies in general to make the changes necessary
to improve the factors that influence health and wellbeing for everyone.
campaigning or public speaking
Action areas of the Ottawa Charter
Build healthy public policy Create supportive environments Strengthen community action Develop personal skills Reorient health services
Australia’s health system
responsibility of all levels of government:
two main components:
public healthcare:
services and schemes include public hospitals, Medicare, the PBS and NDIS
private health care:
private health insurance, private hospitals and medical practitioners in private practices.
medicare
Medicare is Australia’s universal health insurance scheme. gives all Australians, permanent residents and people from countries with a reciprocal agreement access to healthcare that is subsidised by the government.
services covered by medicare
in- public hospital treating(75%)
x-rays
dental service
consultation
medicare safety net
provides extra financial assistance for those that have significant out of pocket costs for Medicare services.
Once an individual/family has contributed a certain amount out of their own pocket to Medicare services in a calendar year further financial support is provided by the government
making Medicare services cheaper for the remainder of that year.
not covered by medicare
ambulance services
allied health services
home nursing care or treatment
pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)
aim was to provide essential medicines to people who needed them, regardless of their ability to pay.
medicines are now subsidised and consumers must make a patient co-payment.
National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS)
provides services and support for people with permanent, significant disabilities, and their families and carers
federal government as an independent agency responsible
australia’s role in promoting health
funding
sustainability
access
equity
private health insurance incentives
lifetime health cover
rebate
medicare levy surcharge
action area of OC: build healthy public policy
decisions made by government and organisations regarding laws and policies that affect health and wellbeing.
eg- removing tax on healthy foods
action area of OC: create supportive environments
being safe, satisfying and enjoyable.
promote health and wellbeing by helping people practise healthy behaviours.
eg- shade in school playgrounds
action area of OC: develop personal skills
Education- gaining health-related knowledge
gaining life skills that allow people to make informed decisions that may indirectly affect health and wellbeing
action area of OC: reorient health services
promotes health and wellbeing as opposed to focusing only on diagnosing and treating illness, as is the case with the biomedical model
action area of OC: strengthen community action
building links between individuals and the community centres around the community working together to achieve a common goal
australia’s role in promoting health: funding
financial resources that are provided to keep the health system adequately staffed and resourced so a high level of care is available for those who need it.
australia’s role in promoting health: access
provide all people with timely access to quality health services based on their needs, not ability to pay regardless of where they live in the country.
australia’s role in promoting health: sustainbility
capacity to provide a workforce and infrastructure such as facilities and equipment
to be innovative and responsive to emerging needs such as research and monitoring.
australia’s role in promoting health: equity
the health system must take these differences into account if it is to be equitable and fair for all people.
private health insurance incentives: lifetime health cover
People who take up private insurance after the age of 31 pay an extra 2 per cent on their premiums for every year they are over the age of 30
private health insurance incentives: medicare levy surcharge
People earning more than $90 000 a year pay an extra tax as a Medicare levy surcharge if they do not purchase private health insurance.
private health insurance incentives: rebate
policyholders received a 30 per cent rebate (or refund) on their premiums for private health insurance.
biomedical model of health: advantages
extends life expectancy
improves quality of life
biomedical model of health: disadvantages
affordability
not every condition can be treated
social model of health: advantages
relatively inexpensive
assists in preventing diseases
social model of health: disadvantages
not everyone conditioned can be prevented
health promotion messages may be ignored
Relationship between biomedical and
social models of health
biomedical:
focus on cure
individual focus
not all conditions can be treated
social model:
population focus
focus on prevention
not all conditions can be prevented
Both are practiced in conjunction with
each other to improve health in Australia
smoking: why is targeted?
Smoking is a preventable risk factor, so all smoking-related diseases and impacts are considered to be avoidable.
vulnerable population groups with people living outside major cities, people from Indigenous and low socioeconomic backgrounds being more likely to smoke tobacco
health promotion interventions: smoking
government laws and policies
National Tobacco Campaigns
QUIT campaigns.
government and law policy’s: smoking
Increased taxation on tobacco=higher price of tobacco
Laws banning smoking in pubs and clubs, in enclosed public places, particularly workplaces and restaurants.
national tobacco campaigns
Anti-smoking media campaigns
My QuitBuddy- app
quit campaigns
aims to decrease the prevalence of smoking by assisting smokers to quit and preventing the uptake of smoking in non-smokers
Private health insurance
type of insurance under which members pay a fee in return for payment towards health-related costs not covered by Medicare.
Initiatives to address Indigenous health and wellbeing
Australian Governments and indigenous leaders
agreed to work together to achieve equality in health status and life expectancy
Closing the Gap initiatives:
Learn Earn Legend
Feedin’ the Mob
Australian Dietary Guideline: 1
achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet energy needs.
Australian Dietary Guideline: 2
Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from these five groups every day- protein, dairy, fruit, veggies, grains
Australian Dietary Guideline: 3
Limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol.
Australian Dietary Guideline: 4
Encourage, support and promote breastfeeding.
Australian Dietary Guideline: 5
Care for your food; prepare and store it safely
Australian guide to healthy eating
is a visual representation of guidelines 2+3
closing the gap initatives: Aboriginal Quitline
telephone counselling service
closing the gap initatives: learn earn legend
The program’s message encourages and supports young Indigenous Australians to stay at school
the work of nutrition australia
Healthy Eating Advisory Service Educational resources Webinars for health professionals Publication of recipes Healthy Eating Pyramid Nutrition seminars and workshops National Nutrition Week campaign
challenges in bringing about dietary change
Personal preference Attitudes and beliefs Willpower Food security Time constraints and convenience Education, nutrition knowledge and cooking skills Family, culture, society and religion Food marketing and media Health and wellbeing factors
