health and wellbeing in global context Flashcards
classifying countries
high income
middle income
low income
characteristics of high, middle, low income countries
economic
environmental
social
economic characteristics of high income countries
lower levels of poverty
wide range of industries
high average income
GNI
gross national income
used to classify countries into one of 3 classes
subsistence farming
self sufficient farming carried out by individual to provide food for self and family
primary production
process of producing natural products for human use
animals, plants
social characteristics of high income countries
gender equality
employment
education
environmental characteristics of high income countries
food security
adequate housing
access to safe water and sanitation
communicable diseases
infectious diseases which are transmitted from the environment
HIV, Malaria
non-communicable diseases
conditions that are usually long lasting, and progress slowly.
not spread through the environment: cancer, heart disease
Factors that contribute to similarities and differences in health status and burden of disease
poverty
sanitation
access to safe water
inequality and discrimination (race, religion, sex)
global distribution and marketing of tobacco, alcohol and processed foods
access to safe water
preparation and cooking
hygiene/washing
no access= disease
sanitation
maintenance of hygienic conditions, disposal of waste
no sanitation= disease
poverty
can prevent access to:
education
health care
clean water and sanitation
inequality and discrimination
can cause:
anxiety
depression
stress
tobacco: high income countries
smoke free areas
health promotion campaigns
banned ads
tobacco: low and middle income countries
cheap
no restriction
advertised/promoted
PEMSS
physical emotional mental social spiritual health and wellbeing
alcohol: low and middle income countries
weak regulations
low cost
lack of health promotion campaigns
processed foods: low and middle income countries
lack of health promotion
aggressive marketing strategies
sustainability
meeting needs of present without compromising ability of future generations to meet their own needs
types of sustainability
economic
environmental
social
economic sustainability
average income in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living
economic sustainability: promotes health and wellbeing
ensuring people earn a decent income
ensuring children stay in school
economic sustainability: considerations
trade
employment
social sustainability
creating equitable society that meets needs of all citizens and can be maintained indefinitely
social sustainability: considerations
peace and security
gender equality
access to safe and decent working conditions
environmental sustainability
ensuring the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future
environmental sustainability: considerations
biodiversity
climate change
use of natural resources
interrelationships between 3 dimensions of sustainability
- environmental- biodiversity, natural sources
- social- culture, education
- economic- industry, employment
concept of human development
crating an environment where people can develop to their full POTENTIAL lead PRODUCTIVE and creative lives PARTICIPATE in lives of the community expand and have CHOICES enhance their CAPABILITIES have access to KNOWLEDGE have access to HEALTH enjoy a DECENT standard of living
human development index
a tool to measure and rank countries’ levels of social and economic development
human development index: dimensions
a long and healthy life
knowledge
a decent standard of living
human development index: indicators
long healthy life= life expectancy at birth
knowledge= average years of schooling, expected years of schooling
a decent standard of living= GNI per cpaita
advantages of HDI
- focuses on social and economic development
- captures/compares majority countries and development levels reveal global patterns
limitations of HDI
- data from developing countries may not be reliable
- unequal access to education for rural and remote locations
HDI concept: P.P.P.C.C.K.H.D
potential productive participate choices capabilities knowledge health decent
climate change
global warming
increase in earths surface temp
caused from human activities (burning fossils; cil and oil which causes release of greenhouse gases which is co2 in atmosphere
effects of climate change
drought (floods and heat waves)
communicable disease increase with heat and humidity
food famine
polluted air
climate change: rising sea levels
increased atmosphere temps have led to polar ice caps melting at an increased
loss of homes, crops, livestock, habitat
climate change: changing weather patterns and extreme weather events
shown to be responsible for more frequent and severe extreme weather events
injury/death, damage to homes
conflict and mass migration
conflict can occur between countries
mass migration is large groups of people from location to another moving
world trade
worldwide business
making and collecting payments for transactions in goods/services
transporting them to interested markets
positives of increased world trade
creates jobs
small business opportunities
good choice of products decrease prices
negative impacts of increased world trade
forced to work long hours in poor conditions
labour is looked to low-middle income countries to manufacture their products at low cost
tourism
creates more jobs
economic option for low/middle income countries
digital technology and increased knowledge sharing
maintenance of e-health records
mobile alerts for disease control, bushfires, tsunamis
internet based fitness/nutrition programs
economic characteristics of high income countries
income
global trade
