PROLOG: Patient Management in the Office Flashcards
Smoking in females has been linked to:
Accelerated follicular depletion due to harmful effects of tobacco smoke and gametogenesis
Have to undergo more IVF cycles until success is achieved
Increased risk of SAB, ectopic pregnancy, IUGR
Males who smoke have lower semen concentration, motility, and/or morphology. However, even if these parameters are reduced, they are often still in the low normal range.
Pituitary gland during pregnancy
Enlarges during pregnancy, primarily due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the lactotropes in response to elevated serum estrogen levels
Tumor growth leading to significant symptoms complicates ~2% of microadenomas and 21% of untreated macroadenomas > significant expansion may lead to headaches or compression of the optic chiasm and blindness so visual field testing is considered in every trimester for women with macroadenomas
First-line treatment for microadenomas and macroadenomas
Medical: dopamine agonist (bromocriptine, cabergoline) - decrease [serum prolactin]
Surgery: refractory tumors
Symptoms of urethral diverticulum
Dyspareunia (10%)
Dysuria (33%)
Recurrent UTI (50%)
Stress incontinence (50%)
Most likely cause of patients discontinuing oxybutynin for urge urinary incontinence?
** Xerostomia **
Constipation
Blurry vision
Anticholinergics: competitively inhibit ACh at the muscarinic receptors and decrease involuntary detrusor muscle contractions (oxybutynin, tolterodine, fesoterodine)
Most common reason discovered during workup for RPL?
Suspected causes of RPL?
No apparent reason

AMH and evaluation of infertility:
What are AMH levels predictive of?
Where is serum AMH made?
AMH levels = predictor of response to exogenous gonadotropins
Lower serum AMH levels ( <1 ng/mL) have been associated with poor responses to ovarian stimulation, poor embryo quality, and poor pregnancy outcomes in IVF
Serum AMH made by the granulosa cells of pre-antral and small antral follicles. [AMH] gonadotropin-independent; can be obtained any day of the menstrual cycle.
When to discontinue cervical cancer screening in HIV-negative women with a history of negative cervical cytology screening?
At age 65 yo
Cushing’s Disease vs Cushing Syndrome
Cushing’s Disease: Excess of cortisol in the blood caused by pituitary tumor secreting ACTH > cortisol level will decrease with high dose dexamethasone suppression test
Fragile X premutation and premature ovarian insufficiency
X-linked disorder caused by triplet expansion repeats in FMR1 gene
Patients diagnosed with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism should be tested for premutation, should receive genetic counseling.
Proportion of twin births in the US attributable to IVF
17% (approximately 1 in 6 twin pregnancies)
What is the longest time GnRH agonist should be used, according to the FDA, for endometriosis?
12 months (loss of bone mineral density)
Most common cause of infertility
Unexplained infertility
Primary pathophysiology of infertility in obese patients
Insulin resistance > hyperinsulinemia > related to androgen excess and reduced SHBG synthesis > increases androgen production > alters HPA axis and therefore, ovarian physiology > anovulation
Key surgical principle for rectovaginal fistula repair
Wide margins of adjacent tissue for excision
Complete excision of fistulous tract
Multilayered closure
Treatment of vulvar psoriasis
Does not result in classic scaly appearance; repeat moisture and heat may make it resemble candidiasis
Treatment: hydrocortisone for mild disease, prolonged topical steroids for moderate disease

Lichen planus
Involvement of mucosal surfaces (oropharynx and vagina)
Treatment: topical high-dose clobetasol
First line treatment for chronic cyclic pelvic pain with regular menses and normal pelvic exam
NSAIDs
Treatment for postpartum psychosis
Treatment for postpartum depression (severe)
Hospitalization + risperidone
Hospitalization + SSRI
First-line treatment for PMS
SSRI
Treatment for female sexual interest and arousal disorder
Flibanserin (serotonin receptor agonist/antagonist)
PEP for HIV recommendation post-sexual assault

Emergency contraception following sexual assault
- Ulipristal acetate: 30 mg single dose PO, within 5 days from assault
- Levonorgestrol (plan B): 1.5 mg single dose PO
- Copper IUD
- Mifepristone: 600 mg single dose
Best pharmacotherapy option for opioid use disorder in pregnancy
Buprenorphine (long-acting partial mu-opioid agonist): decreased risk of overdose, less need for dosage adjustment,

















































