Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
what is a challenge in the development of antibiotics?
the similar structure between eukaryotes and bacteria make medicine targeting only the bacteria difficult
In bacteria, there are 2 types of cell walls:
gram-positive and gram-negative
types of cell wall are determined by the following technique:
gram stain
stain colors are achieved using:
crystal violet stain and safranin
cell wall + cell membrane = ____________
envelope
If the envelope absorbs a crystal violet stain, it appears purple and the cell is said to be _____________
gram-positive
If the envelope absorbs the safranin stain, it will appear pink-red, and it is said to be _______________
gram-negative
gram-positive cell walls contain peptidoglycan and ____________
lipoteichoic acid
gram-negative cell walls consist of a small amount of peptidoglycan, outer membranes containing _________ and ____________
phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides
_______ are the part of gram-negative bacteria that triggers an immune response in humans
lipopolysaccharides
compare eukaryotic flagella vs. prokaryotic flagella
9 + 2 structure vs. hook connected to basal body
prokaryotes reproduce via
binary fission
mention the stages of binary fission
replication, invagination, daughter cells
results from the integration of foreign genetic material into the host genome.
transformation
bacterial form of mating (sexual reproduction). It involves 2 cells forming a conjugation bridge, the transfer is unidirectional from a male donor to a female recipient. the male uses a sex pili
conjugation
