Prokaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards
Usually consist of single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecules, serve as control center of bacterial cell.
Chromosomes
Extrachromosomal DNA. a small, circular, molecules of double stranded DNA and found in most bacteria .
Plasmid
Found in the algae and plants. sites of photosynthesis.
Plastids
These are ribosomes, occurring in the cluster called the polyribosomes or polysomes.
Cytoplasmic Particles
A slimy, gelatinous materials produced by the cell membrane and secreted outside the cell wall.
Glycocalyx
Not highly organized and is not firmly attached to the cell wall.
Slime layer
Two types of Glycocalyx
Slime Layer and Capsule
BACTERIA POSSESSING FLAGELLA OVER THEIR ENTIRE SURFACE
PERITRICOUS BACTERIA
Bacteria with a tuft of flagella at one end
LOPHOTRICHOUS BACTERIA
Having one or more flagella at each end
AMPHITRICHOUS bacteria
Bacteria possessing a single polar flagellum
MONOTRICHOUS bacteria
Bacterial flagella consist of three, four, or more threads of protein., twisted like rope.
FLAGELLIN
Spiral-shaped bacteria, have two flagella-like fibrils called axial filaments.
SPIROCHETES
Wrap around the organism between the layers of the cell wall and overlap in the midsection of the cell.
AXIAL FILAMENTS
Hair like structures most often observes on Gram-negative bacteria.
PILI (fimbrae)
Enables bacteria adhere or attached to the surface.
One type
2 types of PILI
One type and sex pilus
Enables transfer of genetic materials from one bacterial cell to another.
Sex Pilus
Genetic material (usually in the form of plastids) is then transferred through the hollow sex pilus from donor cell to the recipient cell.
Conjugation
Capable of forming thick- walled spores as a means of survival when their moisture or nutrients supply is low.
SPORES (ENDOSPORES)
The process by which spore form. A copy of chromosomes and some of surroundings cytoplasm becomes enclosed in several thick protein coats.
Sporulation
The process by which one cell splits in half to become two daughter cells.
BINARY FISSION
The time it takes for binary fission to occur. ranges from 10-minutes – 24 hour.
Generation Time
3 interrelated areas in Taxonomy
classification, nomenclature, and identification
The arrangement of organism into taxonomic groups.
Classification
Includes the kingdom or domain, division or phyla, classes, orders, family’s genera and species
TAXA
THE process of determining whether an isolate belongs to one of the established named taxa or represents a previously unidentified species.
IDENTIFICATION
The assignment of names to the various taxa according to international rules.
Nomenclature
