Introduction Flashcards
study of microscopic organisms (MICROORGANISM), such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa
MICROBIOLOGY
Microbiology discipline includes the fundamental research on…
biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, ecology,
evolution and clinical aspects of microorganisms
very small living organism
Microorganism
study of living organism
BIOLOGY
Refers to “life”, “living organism” or “microorganism”
BIOS
Refers to “study of”
Logy
An optical instrument used to observe very small objects
MICROSCOPE
What are the categories of microorganisms?
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Archeans
- Some Algae
- Protozoa
- Some Fungi
A DISEASES causing Microorganisms.
PATHOGENS
A very rare cause of infection; intoxication (which result from ingestion of toxins infections.)
ALGAE
ANTHRAX, BOTULISM CHOLERA, Diarrhea, ear and eye infections these are examples of what category of microorganism?
BACTERIA
allergies, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, intoxications, meningitis, pneumonia, thrush,
tinea(ringworm) infections, yeast vaginitis these are examples of what category of microorganism?
FUNGI
African sleeping sickness, amebic dysentery, babesiosis, chagas disease, cryptosporidiosis,
diarrhea giardiasis, malaria, meningoencephalitis, pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, trichomoniasis examples of what category of microorganism?
PROTOZOA
: AIDS, bird flu, certain type of cancer, chicken pox, cold sores (fever blisters), common cold,
dengue, diarrhea, encephalitis genital herpes simplex are example of what category of microorganism?
VIRUSES
Microorganism that does not cause diseases.
Non- pathogens
Inhibits the growth of pathogens in those areas of the body where they live by occupying space,
depleting the food supply and secreting materials that may prevent or reduce the growth of pathogens.
Indigenous microflora
an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa) that take advantage of an
opportunity not normally available, such as a host with a weakened immune system, an
altered microbiota (such as a disrupted gut flora), or breached integumentary barriers.
Opportunitistic Pathogens (Opportunist)
An organism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter.
Decomposer/Saprophytes
It involves in the decomposition of dead organism and the waste products of living organisms.
DECOMPOSER/SAPROPHYTES
Aid in fertilization by returning organic nutrients to the soil. They breakdown dead and dying organic
materials (plants and animals) into nitrates, phosphates and other necessary chemicals necessary for
the growth of plants.
Decomposer
Microorganism that is capable of decomposing industrial wastes (oil spills). It will use microorganism - -genetically engineered microbes, in some cases- to clean up after ourselves.
Bioremediation
A gene from one organism (from a bacterium, a human, an animal or a plant) is inserted into a bacterial
or yeast cell.
Genetic Engineering
The study of relationship between microbes and the environment.
● Example: The nitrogen cycle and other elemental cycle carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and
phosphorous cycles.
Microbial Ecology
Microscopic organism in the ocean. Serves as starting point of many food chains.
Plankton
Tiny marine plants and algae.
Phytoplankton
Tiny marine animals.
Zooplankton
The use of microorganism in industry. Microorganism are Used to produce certain enzymes and chemicals.
Biotechnology
A substance produced by a microorganism that is effective in killing or inhibiting the growth of other microorganism.
Antibiotic
TWO CLASSIFICATIONS OF DISEASES
Infectious Disease and Microbial Intoxication
Results when a pathogen colonizes the body and subsequently causes disease.
Infectious Diseases
When a person ingests a toxin.
Microbial Intoxication
(poisonous substance)
Has been produced by microorganism
Toxin
Scientist tells us that earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago and for the first 800 million to 1 billion years of earth’s existence, there was no life on this planet.
First Mircoorganism on Earh
By studying the mummies, scientists have learned that bacterial disease such as tuberculosis and syphilis and parasitic worm infections such as schistosomiasis, dracunculiasis (guinea worm infection) and tapeworm infections, have been around for a very long time.
Earliest known Infectious Disease
first person to see live bacteria and protozoa.
The father of Microbiology
The father of Bacteriology
The father of Protozoology
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
The idea that life can arise spontaneously from nonliving materials.
(Abiogenesis) Theory of Spontaneous Generation
Disapprove theory of spontaneous generation and proved that life can only arise from preexisting life.
Theory of Biogenesis
A German scientist who proposed theory of Biogenesis.
Rudolf Virchow in 1858.
A French Chemist, made numerous contributions to the newly emerging field of microbiology and in fact his contribution is considered by many people to be the foundation of the science of microbiology and cornerstone of modern medicine.
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
A German physician, made numerous contributions to the science of microbiology
Robert Koch (1843- 1910)
Give some contributions of Robert Koch
KOCH’s Postulates
PURE CULTURE
Discovered Mycobacterium tuberculi
Mantoux agent
Give some contributions of Louis Pasteur
Wine Fermentation Introduced Aerobes and Anaerobes Pasteurization Germ Theory of Disease Infectious Agent that causes silkworm disease
Established during mid- to late 1800’s, experimental procedure uses to prove that a specific microorganism is cause of some specific infectious diseases.
KOCH’s Postulates
Invented flat glass dish (petri dish) for culture of bacteria.
R.J Petri
Refers to a condition in which only one type of organism is growing on a solid culture medium or in a liquid culture medium in the laboratory: no other types of organism are present.
PURE CULTURE
Suggested the used of agar (a polysaccharide obtain from seaweed) as solidifying agent.
Frau Hess
It is necessary to grow (culture) the pathogens in the laboratory IN VITRO in or on artificial culture media. However certain pathogens include viruses, rickettsia’s, chlamydia and the bacteria that causes leprosy and syphilis.
Exception to Koch Postulate
Refers to something that occurs outside the living body, usually laboratory.
In vitro
Refers to something that occurs within the living body.
In vivo
They can only survive and multiply within the living host cells. Example. Viruses, rickettsia’s and chlamydia
OBLIGATE Intracellular pathogens
Meaning fussy, microorganism having a demanding complex nutritional requirement. Organism can be grown in the laboratory by adding special mixtures of vitamins, amino acids and other nutrients to the culture media, others cannot be grown in the laboratory because no one has discovered what ingredients to add to the medium to enable to grow.
Fastidious
CAUSE by not by one particular microorganism but by the combined effects of two or more different microorganisms. Example: acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (trench mouth) and bacterial vaginosis
Synergestic Infection
CAREERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Microbiologist/ microbiology Bacteriologist/ Bacteriology Phycologist/ Phycology Protozoologist/ Protozoology Mycologist/ Mycology Virologist/ Virology Cell biologist
