prokaryotes vs eukaryotic

Question 1

Prokaryotic:

Answer 1

*Smaller
*Unorganised
*Before nucleus so therefore lacks nucleus
*Reproduces via binary fission
*Lacks membrane organelles
*Chromosomes located within the cytoplasm and are circular, usually singular
*Single-celled
*simple

Question 2

Eukaryotic:

Answer 2

*Larger
*Organises
*True nucleus therefore contains a nucleus
*Contains membrane-bound organelles
*Chromosomes are linear and located within the nucleus
*Complex

Question 3

Whats nucleus’s function?

Answer 3

Function: Stores DNA and therefore control cellular activities

Question 4

Whats nucleus’s structure

Answer 4

Structure: Has 2 membrane layers called the nuclear envelope, have holes within called nuclear pores which are lined with proteins (which allows stuff in and out of the nucleus by acting as gates). In the centre is the nucleus which is only sometimes visible and is responsible for the molecular ingredients that produce ribosomes.

Question 5

chloroplasts function

Answer 5

Function: photosynthesis

Question 6

chloroplasts structure

Answer 6

Structure: bounded by a double membrane called the chloroplast envelope, inside are thylakoids, have stacks called granum, surrounded by the fluid stroma

Question 7

Mitochondria function

Answer 7

Function: cellular respiration to produce energy in the form of stored ATP

Question 8

mitochondria structure

Answer 8

Structure: have an inner and outer membrane, the inner membrane is highly folded and is called the cristae, it contains a liquid called the matrix.

*How its structure benefits its function: the more membrane you have the faster the reaction rate as there is more membrane to do that reaction.

Question 9

Ribosome function

Answer 9

Function: Protein synthesis

Question 10

ribosome structure

Answer 10

Structure: consists of two separate RNA complexes known as small and large subunits

Types: free (floating within the cytoplasm) and bound (which are attached to the rough ER).

Question 11

Golgi body function

Answer 11

Function: packages and transports/secretion proteins. Forms vesicles

Question 12

Golgi body structure

Answer 12

Structure: a stack of flattened cisternae and associated vesicles

Question 13

Lysosome function:

Answer 13

Breakdown of macromolecules and removal of waste

Question 14

Lysosome structure

Answer 14

Structure: Dense spherical vacuole, animal vacuole

Question 15

Cytoskeleton function

Answer 15

Function: organizes the contents of the cell

Question 16

cytoskeleton structure

Answer 16

Structure: A network of fibers, including microtubules (thickest), intermediate filaments, and microfilaments (thinnest)

Question 17

ER function

Answer 17

Function: transports materials throughout the cells

Question 18

ER structure

Answer 18

Structure: series of passages, if it has ribosomes attached then it is rough Er and if not it is smooth er

Question 19

Plant and Fungal vacuoles function

Answer 19

Function: stores organic and inorganic compounds, stores and breakdown waste

Question 20

Plant and Fungal vacuoles structure

Answer 20

Structure: fluid-filled space bound by a membrane, large space inside plant and fungal cells

Question 21

Plant cells list:

Answer 21

*Have cell walls to provide support since plants don’t have skeletons

*Have large vacuoles
*Have chloroplasts
*Autotrophic
*Multicellular

Question 22

Animal list:

Answer 22

*Have Lysosomes
*No cell wall
*Have Centriole
*Small vacuoles called vesicles
*Heterotrophic
*multicellular

Question 23

Fungal list:

Answer 23

*Have cell wall
*Large vacuoles
*Can be multi or unicellular
*Heterotrophic