inputs vs outputs + moving thru the cell

Question 1

Inputs vs Outputs of autotrophs and heterotrophs

Answer 1

*Include most of the substrates and products of the aforementioned cellular reactions

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

This is the passive transport of substances across the cell membrane. Goes from high to low concentration (with the concentration gradient) and as such doesn’t require energy to occur.

Question 3

osmosis

osmosis= diffusion of water

Answer 3

This is the passive diffusion of water molecules across the cell membrane using aquaporins. Goes from high to low concentration (with the concentration gradient) and as such doesn’t require energy to occur. Water will go wherever there is a higher concentration of anything.

Question 4

Hypotonic:

Answer 4

water moving into the cell causing it to grow and become turgid/lysed.

Question 5

Isotonic:

Answer 5

the equal balance of water inside and outside the cell. Meaning the cell is normal and will not change shape. Is flaccid.

Question 6

Equilibrium:

Answer 6

All diffusion will continue until equilibrium is reached, however, this does not mean particles stop moving but rather the movement of particles in one direction balances the movement of particles in the opposite direction. This therefore means that net movement is zero and there is no concentration gradient.

Question 7

Active transport:

Answer 7

Goes from low to high concentration (against the concentration gradient) and therefore requires energy to be transported. This energy normally comes in the form of ATP which can help these substances of larger sizer or more extreme solubility or charge to be transported by changing to shape of a carrier protein.

Question 8

endocytosis (into the cell)

Answer 8

*Phagocytosis: The membrane forms a Vesicle around a large solid particle to bring it into the cell (selective).

*Pinocytosis: The membrane forms a tiny vesicle that sucks in small fluid particles (maybe non-selective).

Question 9

Exocytosis (exit cell)

Answer 9

Reverse process of endocytosis. Particles within the vesicle are selectively removed from the cell by the fusing of the vesicle to the cell membrane which then expels their contents into the extracellular environment.

Question 10

vesicles are made up of lipid ‘balls’

Answer 10

vesicles are made up of lipid ‘balls’