Prokaryotes II Flashcards
Taxis
arrangement
an oriented movement
a plasma membrane consists of
a phospholipid bilayer that is selectively permeable
Gram’s stain
is used to differentiate bacteria, based upon the amount of peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria.
containing a lot of peptidoglycan in their cell walls also tend to have less complex cell walls
dark blue
Gram-negative bacteria
Bacteria with more complex cell walls that contain less peptidoglycan. Gram-negative bacteria have an additional outer cell membrane with lipopolysaccharides, and the presence of this membrane renders a gram-negative bacterial infection be generally far more severe than a gram-positive infection.
(E.coli)
pink
chemotaxis
movement away or towards a chemical stimulus
Photoautotrophs (eukaryotes)
Energy-sunlight, use H2) or H2S for electrons, Carbon-CO2)
An organism that harnesses light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide.
Chemoautotrophs (prokaryotes)
- Use inorganic substance for energy C-CO2
- An organism that can obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances and needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source.
Photohertotrophs (prokaryotes)
Energy-sunlight C-organic molecules
An organism that uses light to generate ATP but must obtain carbon in organic form.
Chemoheterotrophs (eukaryotes)
- Obtain energy and carbon from organic molecules
- An organism that obtains energy and carbon from ingesting organic molecules.
Endospore
A thickly coated, resistant cell that can be formed within some bacteria under harsh conditions for survival.
Endotoxin
A toxic component of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria that is released only when the bacteria die.
Exotoxin
A toxic protein that is secreted by a prokaryote or other pathogen and that produces specific symptoms, even if the pathogen is no longer present.
Lipopolysaccharide
Molecules attached to an additional outer membrane unique to the gram-negative bacteria. Some lipopolysaccharides are toxic and counteract the natural defenses of the host organisms.
Peptidoglycan
A polymer of sugars and amino acids that is unique to the bacteria.
