Prokaryotes I

Question 1

Prokaryotes

Answer 1

• Lack of membrane-bound nuclei
• Less subcellular specialization than eukaryotes
• Usually smaller than eukaryotic cells (1-5 microns compared to 10-100 microns)
• They can be either spherical (coccus) or rod-shaped (bacillus) or helical (spirillum)

Question 2

5 kingdoms

Answer 2

Moner (prokaryotes) single
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia

Question 3

Three domains

Answer 3

Archaea (archaebacteria) known as extremophiles (have no peptidoglycan (glycan = polysaccharides many surgars), have introns (intervening or non-coding sequences of DNA)
Bacteria (eubacteria) have no introns
Eukarya (eukaryote)

Question 4

peptidoglycan

Answer 4

a polymer of sugars and amino acids that is unique to the bacteria

Question 5

introns

Answer 5

intervening or non-coding sequences of DNA that are found in some archaea genes

Question 6

exons

Answer 6

segments of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information that codes for a protein

Question 7

binary fission

Answer 7

A type of asexual reproduction cell division in which a prokaryotic chromosome replicates and the mother cell pinches in half to form two new daughter cells.

Question 8

plasmids

Answer 8

extrachromosomal DNA
consist of only a few genes
contain genes that provide resistance to antibiotics

Question 9

haploid

Answer 9

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

Question 10

meiosis

Answer 10

a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.Compare with mitosis.

Question 11

horizontal gene transfer

Answer 11

prokaryotes transfer genes between individuals (transformation, conjugation, and transduction)

Question 12

transformation

Answer 12

One way that genetic material can be moved between bacteria

prokaryotes acquire genes from their surrounding environment

Question 13

conjugation

Answer 13

two living prokaryotic cells physically join with one another

Question 14

F factor

Answer 14

fertility factor plasmid

Question 15

phages

Answer 15

viruses that infect bacteria

bacteriophage

Question 16

Bacillus (pl. bacilli)

Answer 16

Prokaryote cells in rod shape.

Question 17

Archaea

Answer 17

One of three major domains that contains more simple cells (prokaryotes). Archaea have introns in some of their genes and unique lipids in their cell membrane, but not peptidoglycan.

Question 18

Coccus (pl. cocci)

Answer 18

Prokaryote cells in spherical shape.

Question 19

LUCA

Answer 19

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Question 20

Pathogenic

Answer 20

Harmful and causing disease.

Question 21

Pilus (pl. pili)

Answer 21

An appendage used by a “male” bacteria to directly transfer genetic material to a “female” bacteria during conjugation.

Question 22

Spirillum (pl. spirilla)

Answer 22

Prokaryote cells in helical shape.