Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (NOT FINISHED) Flashcards

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1
Q

What structures do both plant and animal cells have?

A
  • Surface cell membrane.
  • Ribosomes.
  • Golgi apparatus.
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
  • Nucleus.
  • Mitochondria.
  • Cytoplasm.
  • Lysosomes.
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2
Q

What structures do plant cells have that animals cells don’t?

A
  • Cellulose cell wall.
  • Vacuole.
  • Chloroplast.
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3
Q

What is the cell wall of fungi cells made of?

A

Chitin.

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4
Q

What structures are inside the nucleus?

A
  • Nuclear envelope.
  • Nucleolus.
  • Chromatin.
  • Nuclear pore.
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5
Q

What are the functions of the nucleus?

A
  • Contains chromosomes.
  • Controls the cells activities.
  • Nucleolus makes ribosomes.
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6
Q

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

A network of fluid filled membranes that are covered in ribosomes (usually attached to the nucleus).

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7
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Modifies and folds proteins.

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8
Q

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

A network of fluid filled membranes, not covered in ribosomes (not attached to nucleus).

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9
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus?

A

A group of fluid filled sacs.

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10
Q

What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus?

A
  • Modify and package proteins and lipids, putting them in vesicles for transport.
  • Make lysosomes.
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11
Q

Where are Golgi vesicles made?

A

Golgi apparatus.

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12
Q

What are the functions of Golgi vesicles?

A
  • Store and transport proteins & lipids.

- Can transport proteins and lipids out of the cell.

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13
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

A special type of Golgi vesicles that contain digestive enzymes called lysosomal enzymes/lysozymes.

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14
Q

What is the function of lysozymes?

A

Used to hydrolyse pathogens and old cell organelles.

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15
Q

What structures do mitochondria contain?

A
  • Matrix.

- Cristae.

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16
Q

What are the functions of mitochondria?

A
  • Site of aerobic respiration.

- Make ATP.

17
Q

What is the function of a cell wall?

A

Strong, structural wall that protect the cell from changing shape.

18
Q

What is the cell wall made of in plants/Algae?

A

Cellulose.

19
Q

What do vacuole contain?

A

Sugars and salts (cell sap).

20
Q

What is the function of vacuole?

A

To keep the cell turgid.

21
Q

What structures are inside a chloroplast?

A
  • Lamellae.
  • Thylakoids.
  • Grana (stacks of thylakoids).
  • Starch grains.
  • Stroma.
  • Double membrane.
22
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

Site of photosynthesis (contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy).

23
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Very small organelles that are made of proteins and RNA.

24
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

To make proteins.

25
Q

What are specialised cells?

A

Cells that have evolved to carry out specific functions.

26
Q

What is an example of a specialised cell?

A

Epithelial cell (ileum).

27
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of cells working together to perform a specific function.

28
Q

Wha is an example of a tissue?

A

Epithelial tissue.

29
Q

What is an organ?

A

A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function.

30
Q

What is an example of an organ?

A

Small intestine.

31
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs working together to perform a specific function.

32
Q

How are epithelial cells adapted for their function?

A
  • Microvilli - Increase surface area for more absorption.

- Lots of mitochondria - produce lots of ATP for active transport.