Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (NOT FINISHED) Flashcards
What structures do both plant and animal cells have?
- Surface cell membrane.
- Ribosomes.
- Golgi apparatus.
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
- Nucleus.
- Mitochondria.
- Cytoplasm.
- Lysosomes.
What structures do plant cells have that animals cells don’t?
- Cellulose cell wall.
- Vacuole.
- Chloroplast.
What is the cell wall of fungi cells made of?
Chitin.
What structures are inside the nucleus?
- Nuclear envelope.
- Nucleolus.
- Chromatin.
- Nuclear pore.
What are the functions of the nucleus?
- Contains chromosomes.
- Controls the cells activities.
- Nucleolus makes ribosomes.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A network of fluid filled membranes that are covered in ribosomes (usually attached to the nucleus).
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Modifies and folds proteins.
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
A network of fluid filled membranes, not covered in ribosomes (not attached to nucleus).
What is the Golgi apparatus?
A group of fluid filled sacs.
What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus?
- Modify and package proteins and lipids, putting them in vesicles for transport.
- Make lysosomes.
Where are Golgi vesicles made?
Golgi apparatus.
What are the functions of Golgi vesicles?
- Store and transport proteins & lipids.
- Can transport proteins and lipids out of the cell.
What are lysosomes?
A special type of Golgi vesicles that contain digestive enzymes called lysosomal enzymes/lysozymes.
What is the function of lysozymes?
Used to hydrolyse pathogens and old cell organelles.
What structures do mitochondria contain?
- Matrix.
- Cristae.
What are the functions of mitochondria?
- Site of aerobic respiration.
- Make ATP.
What is the function of a cell wall?
Strong, structural wall that protect the cell from changing shape.
What is the cell wall made of in plants/Algae?
Cellulose.
What do vacuole contain?
Sugars and salts (cell sap).
What is the function of vacuole?
To keep the cell turgid.
What structures are inside a chloroplast?
- Lamellae.
- Thylakoids.
- Grana (stacks of thylakoids).
- Starch grains.
- Stroma.
- Double membrane.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis (contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy).
What are ribosomes?
Very small organelles that are made of proteins and RNA.
What is the function of ribosomes?
To make proteins.
What are specialised cells?
Cells that have evolved to carry out specific functions.
What is an example of a specialised cell?
Epithelial cell (ileum).
What is a tissue?
A group of cells working together to perform a specific function.
Wha is an example of a tissue?
Epithelial tissue.
What is an organ?
A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function.
What is an example of an organ?
Small intestine.
What is an organ system?
A group of organs working together to perform a specific function.
How are epithelial cells adapted for their function?
- Microvilli - Increase surface area for more absorption.
- Lots of mitochondria - produce lots of ATP for active transport.
