Prokaryotes Flashcards
Discovery of Bacteria by
AntonieVan
Leeuwenhoek”
Louis pasteur discovered vaccines for?
Anthrax, cholera & rabies
Germ Theory of disease founder
Robert Koch
Robert Koch isolated which bacteria and discovered bacteria that caused which diseases?
Bacillus (rod shoped) and discovered bacteria that caused TB and cholera
Size of Bacteria Range (Typical)
0.1 to 600um
Smallest Bacteria
Name& size
Mycoplasma about 100-200 nm
3 Categories of bacteria on basis of shape
Cocci, Bacilli, Spiral
Pleomorphic
Can exist in variety of shapes
Arrangement of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus
long arrangement of cells and irregular clusters
E. coli which type of bacteria?
Bacilli(Rodshaped)
Spiral shaped bacteria forms
Spirochetes(Thin flexible spiral), Vibrio (curved comma shape)
Pili present only in which bacteria
gram-negative bacteria
Flagella made of protein
Flagellin
Peritrichous
Form when flagella surrounds the whole cell.
Atrichous and Amphitrichous
No flagella and flagella present at two poles
part of bacteria that helps attachment to various surfaces
Pili
Archaeobacteria Cell wall composed of?
protein, glycoproteins and polysaccharides.
Gram positive Thickness and composition
Lipids (1-4%) ;
Peptideglycan (50%) Techoic Acid and Lipotechoaic acid
Gram negative composition
(8-11nm) and Lipoproteins/polysaccharides
Invagination of bacterial cell usually in form of vesicles and
involved in DNA replication and cell division
Meso some
complexes of layer external to cell protoplasm
Cell envelope, cell wall, slime and capsule
Capsule of bacteria made of _____and functions to _____
Repeat polysaccharides/proteins and provides pathogenicity
Structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis
Slime
dna material of bacteria also known as
nucleoid, chromatin
Circular chromosome of e.coli measures about…..
14000 um or 14 nm
circular, self replicating and double stranded DNA molecule in addition to bacteria chromosomes
Plasmids
true or false.
plasmids consists of DNA, genes histones and nucleotides
false. doesnt contain histone proteins.
(only present in eukaryotes)
ribosomes of prokaryotes with subunit.
70s.
30s smaller and 50s larger subunit.
difference between spores and cysts
spores metabolically dominant resistant bodies produced at late stage of cell growth.
.resistant to light, ph and high temp
cyst is when whole cell develops into a thick walled resistant body which is NOT heat resistant. Dessication resistant
bacteria store which food materials and what is stored as waste.
glycogen, sulphur, fat and phosphate.
waste; alcolo, lactic acid
two types of heterotrophic bacteria(cant synthesize organic compunds from inorganic)
1.Saprophytic bacteria (get food from dead organic matter.)
2.Parasitic bacteria(nutrition dependant on host)
two types of Autotrophic bacteria (can synthesize organic compunds from inorganic)
1.Photosynthetic: which have chlorophyll in cytoplasm.
CO2 + H2S—–> S+H2O+CH2O
2.Chemosynthetic: oxidise inorganic compounds like NH3, NO3, S.
4 TYPES OF BACTERIA FOR RESPIRATION,
aerobic, anaerobic,_________ and ________
facultive e.g ecoli
microaerobic e.g campylobacter
example of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
aerobic: Pseudomonas
Anaerobic: Spirochete
phases of growth of bacteria
- lag phase
- Log phase (exponential)
3.Stationary phase - Death
Process of transfer of genetic material from donor bacterium to recipient bacteria using sex pili.
Conjugation
process of transferring part of bacterial DNA by a bacteriophage
transduction
Bacterial outer layer and composition
Outer wrapping of cells consists of
- Glycocalyx (outermost region)
>Slime loosely attached slippery
>Capsule tightly attached sticky - Cell wall
