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Biology > Prokaryotes > Flashcards

Prokaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

Discovery of Bacteria by

A

AntonieVan
Leeuwenhoek”

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2
Q

Louis pasteur discovered vaccines for?

A

Anthrax, cholera & rabies

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3
Q

Germ Theory of disease founder

A

Robert Koch

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4
Q

Robert Koch isolated which bacteria and discovered bacteria that caused which diseases?

A

Bacillus (rod shoped) and discovered bacteria that caused TB and cholera

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5
Q

Size of Bacteria Range (Typical)

A

0.1 to 600um

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6
Q

Smallest Bacteria
Name& size

A

Mycoplasma about 100-200 nm

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7
Q

3 Categories of bacteria on basis of shape

A

Cocci, Bacilli, Spiral

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8
Q

Pleomorphic

A

Can exist in variety of shapes

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9
Q

Arrangement of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus

A

long arrangement of cells and irregular clusters

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10
Q

E. coli which type of bacteria?

A

Bacilli(Rodshaped)

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11
Q

Spiral shaped bacteria forms

A

Spirochetes(Thin flexible spiral), Vibrio (curved comma shape)

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12
Q

Pili present only in which bacteria

A

gram-negative bacteria

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13
Q

Flagella made of protein

A

Flagellin

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14
Q

Peritrichous

A

Form when flagella surrounds the whole cell.

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15
Q

Atrichous and Amphitrichous

A

No flagella and flagella present at two poles

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16
Q

part of bacteria that helps attachment to various surfaces

A

Pili

17
Q

Archaeobacteria Cell wall composed of?

A

protein, glycoproteins and polysaccharides.

18
Q

Gram positive Thickness and composition

A

Lipids (1-4%) ;
Peptideglycan (50%) Techoic Acid and Lipotechoaic acid

19
Q

Gram negative composition

A

(8-11nm) and Lipoproteins/polysaccharides

20
Q

Invagination of bacterial cell usually in form of vesicles and
involved in DNA replication and cell division

A

Meso some

21
Q

complexes of layer external to cell protoplasm

A

Cell envelope, cell wall, slime and capsule

22
Q

Capsule of bacteria made of _____and functions to _____

A

Repeat polysaccharides/proteins and provides pathogenicity

23
Q

Structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis

A

Slime

24
Q

dna material of bacteria also known as

A

nucleoid, chromatin

25
Q

Circular chromosome of e.coli measures about…..

A

14000 um or 14 nm

26
Q

circular, self replicating and double stranded DNA molecule in addition to bacteria chromosomes

A

Plasmids

27
Q

true or false.
plasmids consists of DNA, genes histones and nucleotides

A

false. doesnt contain histone proteins.
(only present in eukaryotes)

28
Q

ribosomes of prokaryotes with subunit.

A

70s.
30s smaller and 50s larger subunit.

29
Q

difference between spores and cysts

A

spores metabolically dominant resistant bodies produced at late stage of cell growth.
.resistant to light, ph and high temp

cyst is when whole cell develops into a thick walled resistant body which is NOT heat resistant. Dessication resistant

30
Q

bacteria store which food materials and what is stored as waste.

A

glycogen, sulphur, fat and phosphate.
waste; alcolo, lactic acid

31
Q

two types of heterotrophic bacteria(cant synthesize organic compunds from inorganic)

A

1.Saprophytic bacteria (get food from dead organic matter.)

2.Parasitic bacteria(nutrition dependant on host)

32
Q

two types of Autotrophic bacteria (can synthesize organic compunds from inorganic)

A

1.Photosynthetic: which have chlorophyll in cytoplasm.
CO2 + H2S—–> S+H2O+CH2O

2.Chemosynthetic: oxidise inorganic compounds like NH3, NO3, S.

33
Q

4 TYPES OF BACTERIA FOR RESPIRATION,
aerobic, anaerobic,_________ and ________

A

facultive e.g ecoli
microaerobic e.g campylobacter

34
Q

example of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

A

aerobic: Pseudomonas

Anaerobic: Spirochete

35
Q

phases of growth of bacteria

A
  1. lag phase
  2. Log phase (exponential)
    3.Stationary phase
  3. Death
36
Q

Process of transfer of genetic material from donor bacterium to recipient bacteria using sex pili.

A

Conjugation

37
Q

process of transferring part of bacterial DNA by a bacteriophage

A

transduction

38
Q

Bacterial outer layer and composition

A

Outer wrapping of cells consists of

  1. Glycocalyx (outermost region)
    >Slime loosely attached slippery
    >Capsule tightly attached sticky
  2. Cell wall

Biology (9 decks)

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