Prokaryotes

Question 1

how do prokaryotes differ to eukaryotes

Answer 1

A cytoplasm that lacks membrane-bound organelles

Ribosomes that are smaller (70 S) than those found in eukaryotic cells (80 S)

No nucleus, instead having a single circular bacterial chromosome that is free in the cytoplasm and is not associated with proteins

A cell wall that contains the glycoprotein murein

Question 2

What is murein known as

Answer 2

peptidoglycan

Question 3

what other structures do prokaryotes have

Answer 3

Plamids
capsule
flagellum
pilus
mesosomes
circular dna
ribosomes

Question 4

Plasmids

Answer 4

Small loops of DNA that are separate from the main circular
DNA molecule. Plasmids contain genes that can be passed between prokaryotes

Question 5

Capsule

Answer 5

Some prokaryotes (e.g. bacteria) are surrounded by a final outer layer known as a capsule. This is sometimes called the slime capsule. It helps to protect bacteria from drying out and from attack by cells of the immune system of the host organism.

Question 6

Flagellum

Answer 6

A long, hair - like structure that rotates, enabling the prokaryote to move

Question 7

Pillus

Answer 7

Thread-like structures on the surface of some bacteria that enable the bacteria to attach to other cells or surfaces

Question 8

Mesosomes

Answer 8

Infolded regions in the plasma membrane of some prokaryotic cells. They have many functions including derobic respiration, cell wall formation and DNA replication

Question 9

Circular DNA

Answer 9

The genetic material of prokaryotic cells mainly consists of a single circular strand of DNA that is not contained in a membrane -bound nucleus. The area in the prokaryotic cell where this circular DNA molecule is found is known as the nucleoid

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S ribosomes and are smaller than the 80S ribosomes of eukaryotic cells. They are the site of protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells

Question 11

what type of DNA found in plasmid and chromosomal DNA

Answer 11

double stranded plasmid DNA and chromosomal DNA

Question 12

organelles that are single membrane

Answer 12

golgi / rough ER / vacuole / lysosome

Question 13

structure of cellulose in cell wall

Answer 13

idea that cellulose is a {polymer / polysaccharide} of B glucose;

2. reference to 1-4 glycosidic {bonds / eq} ;
3. idea that every other glucose is inverted ;
4. idea of cellulose molecules arranged {parallel /as microfibrils};
5. joined by hydrogen bonds / eq;

Question 14

2 structure found in prokaryotes and not in eukaryotes

Answer 14

plasmid and circular DNA and 70S ribosome