Prokaryotes Flashcards
Prokaryotes are what groups?
bacteria and archaea
Prokaryotes lack…
membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotes are _____ celled and very ____
single; small
What are the 6 structures of a prokaryote (intracellular)?
- ribosomes
- plasmid
- cell wall
- plasma membrane
- chromosome
- cytoplasm
What region of the cell are chromosomes located?
nucleoid
What are chromosomes composed of?
dna and proteins
What do chromosomes contain?
genes
What are genes?
segments of DNA that code for polypeptides
What is the plasmid?
small, circular DNA molecule (additional genetic information)
What do plasmids provide?
advantages such as antibiotic resistance
Why are plasmids important for research purposes?
They allow the manipulation of gene expression
chromosomes and plasmids are ______ to fit inside of cells
supercoiled
What does the cytoplasm do?
holds the contents inside of the cell
What does the cytoplasm contain?
cytosol
What is cytosol?
located in the cytoplasm; “cell solvent” and holds other components and organelles
What are ribosomes?
the protein manufacturing factory
What do ribosomes do?
transfer information store in RNA in proteins
What is ribonucleoprotein?
protein and RNA
Ribosomes contain ______ and _______ subunits
large and small
What is the cytoskeleton?
the “skeleton” of the cell
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
- composed of protein filaments
- maintain cell shape
- essential for cell division
What are the extracellular components of the prokaryote?
flagella and fimbriae
What is the function of flagella?
rotate to propel cell through water
What is the function of the fimbriae?
attach to surfaces and establish infection
